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FAA Airman Certification Standards - ATP and Type Rating (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Reproduced for study. Always verify against the official GACAR at gaca.gov.sa.
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for
Airplane Category
Airman Certification StandardsFAA-S-ACS-11A
Flight Standards Service
Washington, DC 20591
November 2023
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)i
Foreword
The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Office of Safety Standards, Regulatory
Support Division, Airman Testing Standards Branch has published the Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) for Airplane Category
Airman Certification Standards (ACS) to communicate the aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and flight proficiency
standards for ATP pilot and type rating certification in the airplane category.
This ACS is available for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov .
Comments regarding this ACS may be emailed to acsptsinquiries@faa.gov .
The FAA created FAA-G-ACS-2, Airman Certification Standards Companion Guide for Pilots, to provide guidance considered
relevant and useful to the community. The number of appendices in the ACS was reduced and much of the non-regulatory
material was moved to the Airman Certification Standards Companion Guide for Pilots. Applicants, instructors, and
evaluators should consult this companion guide to familiarize themselves with ACS procedures. FAA-G-ACS-2 is available
for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov .
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)ii
Revision History
Document # Description Date
FAA-S-8081-5F Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards for Airplane July 2008
FAA-S-ACS-11 Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Airman Certification Standards May 10, 2019
FAA-S-ACS-11Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Airman Certification Standards
(Change 1)May 28, 2019
FAA-S-ACS-11AAirline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category Airman Certification
StandardsNovember
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)iii
Major Enhancements to FAA-S-ACS-11A
• The following ACS codes have been added:
AA.I.C.K2a
AA.I.C.K2b
AA.I.C.K2c
AA.I.C.K2d
AA.I.C.K2e
AA.I.C.K2f AA.I.C.K2g
AA.I.F.R4
AA.I.G.K7
AA.I.H.K1i
AA.II.C.R6
AA.II.D.R6AA.II.D.R7
AA.IV.B.R4
AA.IV.B.R5
AA.IV.B.R6
AA.IV.B.R7
AA.IV.B.R8AA.IV.B.R9
AA.VI.F.R10
AA.VI.F.R11
AA.VI.H.R8
AA.VI.H.R9
• The following ACS codes have been removed and archived. Please see the Airman Certification Standards Companion
Guide for Pilots (FAA-G-ACS-2) for more information.
AA.IV.B.R2
AA.V.A.S2
AA.V.B.S2AA.V.C.S2
AA.VI.F.R3
AA.VI.F.R3aAA.VI.F.R3b
AA.VI.H.R3
AA.VI.H.R3aAA.VI.H.R3b
AA.VIII.A.R2
AA.VIII.B.R2
• Non-regulatory material has been moved from the appendices to the Airman Certification Standards Companion Guide
for Pilots (FAA-G-ACS-2).
• Legends have been added to the Additional Ratings Task Tables.
iv
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)Table of Contents
Introduction
Airman Certification Standards Concept ..................................................................................................... 1
Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Task A. Operation of Systems .................................................................................................................... 2
Task B. Performance and Limitations ......................................................................................................... 3
Task C. Weather Information (ATP) ............................................................................................................ 5
Task D. High-Altitude Aerodynamics (ATP) (AMEL, AMES) ....................................................................... 6
Task E. Air Carrier Operations (ATP) (AMEL, AMES) ................................................................................. 7
Task F. Human Factors (ATP) ..................................................................................................................... 8
Task G. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (ATP) ............................................................................. 9
Task H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine
Navigation (ASES, AMES) ................................................................................................................... 10
Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Task A. Preflight Assessment ................................................................................................................... 12
Task B. Powerplant Start .......................................................................................................................... 13
Task C. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL) ................................................................................................................. 14
Task D. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES) .............................................................................................. 15
Task E. Before Takeoff Checks ................................................................................................................. 16
Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb ............................................................................................................ 18
Task B. Normal Approach and Landing .................................................................................................... 19
Task C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES) ........................................................................ 20
Task D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) ................................................................. 22
Task E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES) ......................................................................... 23
Task F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) .................................................................. 24
Task G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES) ................................. 25
Task H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) ................................................................ 26
Task I. Rejected Takeoff ............................................................................................................................ 27
Task J. Go-Around/Rejected Landing ....................................................................................................... 28
Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers
Task A. Steep Turns .................................................................................................................................. 30
Task B. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes ....................................................................................... 31
Task C. Specific Flight Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 31
vTable of Contents
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Task A. Partial Flap Configuration Stall Prevention .................................................................................. 33
Task B. Clean Configuration Stall Prevention ........................................................................................... 34
Task C. Landing Configuration Stall Prevention ....................................................................................... 35
Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Task A. Instrument Takeoff ........................................................................................................................ 37
Task B. Departure Procedures ................................................................................................................. 38
Task C. Arrival Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 39
Task D. Non-precision Approaches .......................................................................................................... 40
Task E. Precision Approaches .................................................................................................................. 41
Task F. Landing from a Precision Approach ............................................................................................. 43
Task G. Circling Approach ........................................................................................................................ 44
Task H. Landing from a Circling Approach ............................................................................................... 45
Task I. Missed Approaches ....................................................................................................................... 46
Task J. Holding Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 47
Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Task A. Emergency Procedures ............................................................................................................... 49
Task B. Powerplant Failure During Takeoff ............................................................................................... 50
Task C. Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (ASEL, ASES) ........................................................................... 51
Task D. Inflight Powerplant(s) Failure and Restart (AMEL, AMES) .......................................................... 52
Task E. Approach and Landing with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES) ........................... 53
Task F. Precision Approach (Manually Flown) with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES) ....54
Task G. Landing from a No Flap or a Nonstandard Flap Approach .......................................................... 55
Area of Operation VIII. Postflight Procedures
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (ASEL, AMEL) .................................................................. 57
Task B. Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES) ................................................................... 57
Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Eligibility Requirements for an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate ............................................................... 59
Use of the ACS During a Practical Test ..................................................................................................... 59
Instructor Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................... 61
Evaluator Responsibilities ......................................................................................................................... 61
Possible Outcomes of the Test .................................................................................................................. 61
ATP Certificate Task Table ......................................................................................................................... 63
Addition of a Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate and Proficiency Check Requirements .............. 64
Addition of a VFR Only Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate .......................................................... 64
Removal of the “Second in Command Required” Limitation from a Type Rating ...................................... 65
Removal of Circle-to-Land Limitation on an ATP Certificate or Type Rating ............................................. 65
viTable of Contents
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Airplane Multiengine Land Limited to Center Thrust ................................................................................. 65
Appendix 2: Safety of Flight
General ..................................................................................................................................................... 67
Stall and Spin Awareness .......................................................................................................................... 67
Use of Checklists ....................................................................................................................................... 67
Positive Exchange of Flight Controls ......................................................................................................... 67
Use of Distractions .................................................................................................................................... 67
Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot
Resource Management ....................................................................................................................... 67
Multiengine Considerations ....................................................................................................................... 68
Single-Engine Considerations .................................................................................................................. 68
High-Performance Airplane Considerations ............................................................................................. 68
Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Aircraft Requirements & Limitations .......................................................................................................... 69
Equipment Requirements & Limitations .................................................................................................... 69
Use of Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD) .................................................................................... 69
Credit for Pilot Time in an FSTD ................................................................................................................ 69
Use of Aviation Training Devices (ATD) ..................................................................................................... 69
Credit for Pilot Time in an ATD ................................................................................................................... 70
Operational Requirements, Limitations, & Task Information ...................................................................... 70
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)Introduction
Airman Certification Standards Concept
The goal of the airman certification process is to ensure the applicant possesses the knowledge, ability to manage risks,
and skill consistent with the privileges of the certificate or rating being exercised, in order to act as pilot-in-command (PIC).
Safe operations in today’s National Airspace System (NAS) require the integration of aeronautical knowledge, risk
management, and flight proficiency standards. To accomplish these goals, the FAA drew upon the expertise of organizations
and individuals across the aviation and training community to develop the ACS. The ACS integrates the elements of
knowledge, risk management, and skill required for each airman certificate or rating. It thus forms a more comprehensive
standard for what an applicant must know, consider, and do to demonstrate proficiency to pass the tests required for
issuance of the applicable airman certificate or rating.
2Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Task A. Operation of Systems
eferences: R AC 90-117, AC 91.21-1, AC 91-78, AC 120-76; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23,
FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
aircraft systems and their components; and their normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.A.K1 Landing gear–extension/retraction system(s), indicators, float devices, brakes, antiskid, tires, nose-
wheel steering, and shock absorbers.
AA.I.A.K2 Powerplant–controls and indications, induction system, carburetor and fuel injection, turbocharging,
cooling, mounting points, turbine wheels, compressors, deicing, anti-icing, and other related
components.
AA.I.A.K3 Propellers–type, controls, feathering/unfeathering, auto-feather, negative torque sensing,
synchronizing, synchrophasing, and thrust reverse, including uncommanded reverse procedures.
AA.I.A.K4 Fuel system–capacity, drains, pumps, controls, indicators, cross-feeding, transferring, jettisoning, fuel
grade, color and additives, fueling and defueling procedures, and fuel substitutions.
AA.I.A.K5 Oil system–capacity, allowable types of oil, quantities, and indicators.
AA.I.A.K6 Hydraulic system–capacity, pumps, pressure, reservoirs, allowable types of fluid, and regulators.
AA.I.A.K7 Electrical system–alternators, generators, batteries, circuit breakers and protection devices, controls,
indicators, and external and auxiliary power sources and ratings.
AA.I.A.K8 Pneumatic and environmental systems–heating, cooling, ventilation, oxygen, pressurization, supply for
ice protection systems, controls, indicators, and regulating devices.
AA.I.A.K9 Avionics and communications–autopilot, flight director, Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS),
Flight Management System (FMS), Electronic Flight Bag (EFB), Radar, Inertial Navigation Systems
(INS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS),
Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS), ground-based navigation systems and components,
Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) In and Out, Automatic Dependent
Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C), traffic awareness/warning/avoidance systems, terrain awareness/
warning/alert systems, communication systems (e.g., data link, Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High
Frequency (VHF)/High Frequency (HF), satellite), Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC),
indicating devices, transponder, and emergency locator transmitter, Head Up-Display (HUD).
AA.I.A.K10 Ice protection–anti-ice, deice, pitot-static system protection, turbine inlet, propeller, windshield, airfoil
surfaces, and other related components.
AA.I.A.K11 Crewmember and passenger equipment–oxygen system, survival gear, emergency exits, evacuation
procedures and crew duties, quick donning oxygen mask for crewmembers, passenger oxygen
system.
AA.I.A.K12 Flight controls–ailerons, elevator(s), rudder(s), control tabs, control boost/augmentation systems, flaps,
spoilers, leading edge devices, speed brakes, stability augmentation system (e.g., yaw damper), and
trim systems.
AA.I.A.K13 Pitot-static system–associated instruments and the power source for those flight instruments.
Operation and power sources for other flight instruments.
3Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.A.K14 Fire & smoke detection, protection, and suppression–powerplant, cargo and passenger compartments,
lavatory, pneumatic and environmental, electrical/avionics, and batteries (on aircraft and personal
electronic devices).
AA.I.A.K15 Envelope protection–angle of attack warning and protection, and speed protection.
AA.I.A.K16 The contents of the Pilot Owner's Handbook (POH) or Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) with regard to the
systems and components in the airplane.
AA.I.A.K17 How to use a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) and a Configuration Deviation List (CDL).
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.A.R1 Detection of system malfunctions or failures.
AA.I.A.R2 Management of a system failure.
AA.I.A.R3 Monitoring and management of automated systems.
AA.I.A.R4 Following checklists or procedures.
Skills: For the airplane provided for the practical test, the applicant demonstrates the ability to:
AA.I.A.S1 Explain and describe the operation of the aircraft systems and components using correct terminology.
AA.I.A.S2 Recall immediate action items or memory items, if appropriate.
AA.I.A.S3 Identify system or component limitations listed in the POH/AFM.
AA.I.A.S4 Demonstrate or describe, as appropriate, the process for deferring inoperative equipment (e.g., MEL)
and using a CDL.
AA.I.A.S5 Comply with operations specifications, management specifications, and letters of authorization, if
applicable.
AA.I.A.S6 Through the use of the appropriate checklists and normal and abnormal procedures, demonstrate the
proper use of the aircraft systems, subsystems, and devices, as determined by the evaluator.
Task B. Performance and Limitations
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 1, 91; AC 20-117, AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 91-74, AC 91-79, AC 120-27, AC 120-
58, AC 120-60, AC 135-17; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3,
FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
bjective: O To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated
with operating an aircraft safely within its operating envelope.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.B.K1 Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to
determine performance.
AA.I.B.K2 How to determine the following, as applicable to the class sought:
AA.I.B.K2a a. Accelerate-stop / accelerate-go distance
AA.I.B.K2b b. Takeoff performance [e.g., balance field length and Velocity, Minimum Control (ground) (V MCG)]
4Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.B.K2c c. Climb performance
AA.I.B.K2d d. Cruise performance (e.g., optimum and maximum operating altitudes)
AA.I.B.K2e e. Descent performance
AA.I.B.K2f f. Landing performance
AA.I.B.K2g g. Performance with an inoperative powerplant for all phases of flight (AMEL, AMES)
AA.I.B.K2h h. Weight and balance and how to shift weight
AA.I.B.K3 Factors affecting performance, including:
AA.I.B.K3a a. Atmospheric conditions
AA.I.B.K3b b. Pilot technique
AA.I.B.K3c c. Aircraft configuration (e.g., flap setting)
AA.I.B.K3d d. Airport environment (e.g., runway condition, land and hold short operations (LAHSO))
AA.I.B.K3e e. Loading (e.g., center of gravity)
AA.I.B.K3f f. Aircraft weight
AA.I.B.K4 Aerodynamics and how it relates to performance.
AA.I.B.K5 Adverse effects of exceeding an airplane limitation or the aircraft operating envelope.
AA.I.B.K6 Effects of icing on performance.
AA.I.B.K7 Clean wing concept; deicing and anti-icing procedures, including use of appropriate deice fluid, hold-
over tables, calculating hold-over times, and pre-takeoff contamination checks.
AA.I.B.K8 Air carrier weight and balance systems (e.g., average weight program). Air Transport Pilot (ATP)
(AMEL, AMES).
AA.I.B.K9 Runway assessment and condition reporting and use of the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
(RCAM). (ATP)(AMEL, AMES).
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.B.R1 Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
AA.I.B.R2 Airplane limitations.
AA.I.B.R3 Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
AA.I.B.R4 Airplane icing and its effect on performance and stall warning.
AA.I.B.R5 Runway excursions.
Skills: For the airplane provided for the practical test, the applicant demonstrates the ability to:
AA.I.B.S1 Describe the airspeeds used during specific phases of flight.
AA.I.B.S2 Describe the effects of meteorological conditions on performance for all phases of flight and correctly
apply these factors to a specific chart, table, graph, or other performance data.
AA.I.B.S3 Describe the procedures for wing contamination recognition and any deice/anti-ice procedures prior to
takeoff.
5Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.B.S4 Explain the adverse effects of airframe icing during all phases of flight. Describe any operating
limitations for flight in icing conditions. If equipped, describe the procedures for deicing and anti-icing
system use and their effects on performance.
AA.I.B.S5 Compute weight and balance, including practical techniques to resolve out-of-limits calculations for a
representative scenario, as specified by the evaluator.
AA.I.B.S6 Determine the computed center-of-gravity is within the acceptable limits and the lateral fuel balance is
within limits for takeoff and landing.
AA.I.B.S7 Demonstrate proficient use of appropriate performance charts, tables, graphs, or other data to
determine airplane performance and limitations for all phases of flight.
Task C. Weather Information (ATP)
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 91-74, AC 91-92; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3,
FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
obtaining, understanding, and applying weather information for a flight under IFR.
ote: N If K2 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
ote: N If K3 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
ote: N See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft,
Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this T ask.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.C.K1 Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
AA.I.C.K2 Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast
weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
AA.I.C.K2a a. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
AA.I.C.K2b b. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
AA.I.C.K2c c. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
AA.I.C.K2d d. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
AA.I.C.K2e e. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
AA.I.C.K2f f. Convective Outlook (AC)
AA.I.C.K2g g. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET),
Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
AA.I.C.K3 Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted
under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
AA.I.C.K3a a. Atmospheric composition and stability
AA.I.C.K3b b. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
AA.I.C.K3c c. Temperature and heat exchange
AA.I.C.K3d d. Moisture/precipitation
AA.I.C.K3e e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
6Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.C.K3f f. Clouds
AA.I.C.K3g g. Turbulence
AA.I.C.K3h h. Thunderstorms and microbursts
AA.I.C.K3i i. Icing and freezing level information
AA.I.C.K3j j. Fog/mist
AA.I.C.K3k k. Frost
AA.I.C.K3l l. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
AA.I.C.K4 Flight deck displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, their use to navigate around
weather, and equipment limitations.
AA.I.C.K5 Low-visibility operations (e.g., surface movement, category II and III approaches). (ATP)(AMEL,
AMES).
AA.I.C.K6 Flight Risk Assessment Tools.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.C.R1 Weather conditions involved in departure and in-flight decision making, to include:
AA.I.C.R1a a. Circumstances requiring a change in course or destination
AA.I.C.R1b b. Known or forecast icing, winds or turbulence aloft, volcanic ash, destination weather, etc.
AA.I.C.R1c c. Personal weather minimums
AA.I.C.R1d d. Operator specified or aircraft operational limitations, if applicable
AA.I.C.R2 Use and limitations of:
AA.I.C.R2a a. Installed onboard weather equipment
AA.I.C.R2b b. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
AA.I.C.R2c c. Inflight weather resources
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.C.S1 Interpret weather information, apply principles of aeronautical decision-making, and use a Flight Risk
Assessment Tool, if available.
Task D. High-Altitude Aerodynamics (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
eferences: R AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 120-111; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
high altitude airplane aerodynamics.
ote: N See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft,
Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this T ask.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.D.K1 Aerodynamics of large transport category airplanes, including flight characteristics of swept wing
airplanes (e.g., Mach buffet).
7Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.D.K2 Energy management.
AA.I.D.K3 Relationship between Mach number, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and change over altitudes.
AA.I.D.K4 Load factor at high altitude and its effect on high and low speed operating margins.
AA.I.D.K5 Relationship between altitude capability, weight, and temperature.
AA.I.D.K6 Maximum Operating Speed - Knots (V MO) / Maximum Operating Speed - Mach (M MO) convergence and
stall angle of attack.
AA.I.D.K7 Maximum Lift over Drag Ratio (L/D MAX).
AA.I.D.K8 Best range and best endurance.
AA.I.D.K9 Factors which contribute to airplane upsets at high altitude and upset prevention and recovery
techniques.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.D.R1 Managing the airplane’s energy state.
AA.I.D.R2 High operating altitudes at high operational weights.
AA.I.D.R3 High altitude slow-downs and excursions behind the power curve.
AA.I.D.R4 Turbulence at high altitude.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.D.S1 If a cruise altitude is reached, manage the airplane’s systems and energy state.
Task E. Air Carrier Operations (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 25, 121; AC 00-46, AC 61-138, AC 91.21-1, AC 91-78, AC 120-51, AC 120-66, AC 120-76,
AC 120-82, AC 120-90, AC 120-101; AFM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
air carrier operations.
ote: N See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft,
Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this T ask.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.E.K1 Turbine engines, thrust reversing systems, and system malfunctions.
AA.I.E.K2 Airplane automation components (e.g., flight director, autopilot), their relationship to each other, and
how to manage the automation for flight.
AA.I.E.K3 Advanced navigation equipment (e.g., FMS, Required Navigation Performance (RNP), ADS-B, EFB,
etc.) and how it is used inflight.
AA.I.E.K4 Flightpath warning systems (e.g., Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS), Terrain
Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) and how to respond to a warning.
AA.I.E.K5 Altitudes and conditions that require the use of oxygen masks.
AA.I.E.K6 Causes and recognition of cabin pressure loss.
8Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.E.K7 Appropriate rudder use in transport aircraft to avoid rudder reversal.
AA.I.E.K8 Crew communications (e.g., sterile flight deck rules, briefings).
AA.I.E.K9 Operational control.
AA.I.E.K10 Elements associated with operating at complex and high traffic airports with emphasis on runway
incursion prevention techniques.
AA.I.E.K11 Professional responsibilities associated with being an ATP certificate holder and how to apply
leadership skills as pilot-in-command.
AA.I.E.K12 Crew resource management (CRM) principles and application in a multi-crew environment.
AA.I.E.K13 Use of safety programs to manage risk across an organization (e.g., Threat and error management
(TEM), or Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)).
AA.I.E.K14 Operations specifications.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.E.R1 Turbine engine and thrust reversing system malfunctions.
AA.I.E.R2 Managing automation and navigation equipment.
AA.I.E.R3 Responding to a flightpath warning system alert.
AA.I.E.R4 Loss of cabin pressure.
AA.I.E.R5 Crew coordination.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.E.S1 Apply CRM principles and use in a crew environment, as appropriate.
Task F. Human Factors (ATP)
eferences: R AC 60-22, AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 120-51, AC 120-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3,
FAA-H-8083-25
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
ote: N If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
ote: N See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft,
Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this T ask.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.F.K1 Causes, effects, recognition, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological
issues, including:
AA.I.F.K1a a. Hypoxia
AA.I.F.K1b b. Hyperventilation
AA.I.F.K1c c. Middle ear and sinus problems
AA.I.F.K1d d. Spatial disorientation
9Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.F.K1e e. Motion sickness
AA.I.F.K1f f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
AA.I.F.K1g g. Stress
AA.I.F.K1h h. Fatigue
AA.I.F.K1i i. Dehydration and nutrition
AA.I.F.K1j j. Hypothermia
AA.I.F.K1k k. Optical illusions
AA.I.F.K1l l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
AA.I.F.K2 Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
AA.I.F.K3 Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single-
Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
AA.I.F.K4 Components of self-assessment for determining fitness for flight.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.F.R1 Aeromedical and physiological issues.
AA.I.F.R2 Hazardous attitudes.
AA.I.F.R3 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.I.F.R4 Confirmation and expectation bias.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.F.S1 Perform a self-assessment and determine fitness for flight.
Task G. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (ATP)
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 61, 91, 111, 117, 121, 135; 49 CFR part 830; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3,
FAA-H-8083-25
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge associated with regulations applicable to the
privileges and limitations of the ATP certificate and to flight operations that require an ATP certificate.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
ote: N See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft,
Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this T ask.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.G.K1 14 CFR part 61, subparts A, B, and G.
AA.I.G.K2 14 CFR part 91 subparts A, B, C, F, G, H.
AA.I.G.K3 14 CFR part 117 (AMEL, AMES).
AA.I.G.K4 14 CFR part 121 subparts A, G, K, M, O, T, U, V (AMEL, AMES).
10Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.I.G.K5 14 CFR part 135 subparts A, B, C, D, E, F, G (ASEL, ASES).
AA.I.G.K6 49 CFR part 830.
AA.I.G.K7 14 CFR part 111 subparts A, D.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.G.R1 Lack of compliance with the applicable CFRs.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.G.S1 Apply the CFRs to the flight and operation.
Task H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine
Navigation (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM;
USCG Navigation Rules
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
water and seaplane characteristics, seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.I.H.K1 The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as:
AA.I.H.K1a a. Size and location
AA.I.H.K1b b. Protected and unprotected areas
AA.I.H.K1c c. Surface wind
AA.I.H.K1d d. Direction and strength of water current
AA.I.H.K1e e. Floating and partially submerged debris
AA.I.H.K1f f. Sandbars, islands, and shoals
AA.I.H.K1g g. Vessel traffic and wakes
AA.I.H.K1h h. Other characteristics specific to the area
AA.I.H.K1i i. Direction and height of waves
AA.I.H.K2 Float and hull construction, and its effect on seaplane performance.
AA.I.H.K3 Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action needed to prevent or correct these
occurrences.
AA.I.H.K4 How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories.
AA.I.H.K5 Operating restrictions at various bases.
AA.I.H.K6 Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.
AA.I.H.K7 Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, sound signals, and range markers.
AA.I.H.K8 Naval vessel protection zones.
AA.I.H.K9 No wake zones.
11Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.I.H.R1 Local conditions.
AA.I.H.R2 Impact of marine traffic.
AA.I.H.R3 Right-of-way and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operations.
AA.I.H.R4 Limited services and assistance available at seaplane bases.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.I.H.S1 Explain how float and hull construction can affect seaplane performance.
AA.I.H.S2 Describe how to correct for porpoising and skipping.
AA.I.H.S3 Locate seaplane bases on charts or in directories and identify any restrictions.
AA.I.H.S4 Identify marine navigation aids.
AA.I.H.S5 Describe what naval vessel protection zones and no wake zones are.
AA.I.H.S6 Assess the water surface characteristics for the proposed flight.
AA.I.H.S7 Perform correct right-of-way, steering, and sailing operations.
12Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Task A. Preflight Assessment
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 63, 71, 91, 97, 117, 119, 121, 135; AC 120-27, AC 120-60, AC 135-17, AIM,
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
preparation for safe flight.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.II.A.K1 Pilot self-assessment.
AA.II.A.K2 Determining that the aircraft to be used is appropriate, airworthy, and in a condition for safe flight by
locating and explaining related documents such as:
AA.II.A.K2a a. Airworthiness and registration certificates
AA.II.A.K2b b. Operating limitations, handbooks, and manuals
AA.II.A.K2c c. Minimum Equipment List (MEL) and Configuration Deviation List (CDL), Kinds of Operations
Equipment Lists (KOEL)
AA.II.A.K2d d. Weight and balance data
AA.II.A.K2e e. Required inspections or tests and appropriate records and documentation (e.g., dispatch
release) as applicable to the proposed flight or operation
AA.II.A.K3 Preventive maintenance that can be performed by the pilot or other designated crewmember.
AA.II.A.K4 Aircraft preflight inspection, including:
AA.II.A.K4a a. Which items should be inspected
AA.II.A.K4b b. The reasons for checking each item
AA.II.A.K4c c. How to detect possible defects
AA.II.A.K4d d. The associated regulations
AA.II.A.K5 Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
AA.II.A.K6 Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.
AA.II.A.K7 Operations specifications, management specifications, or letters of authorization applying to a
particular aircraft and operation, if applicable.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.II.A.R1 Human performance factors.
AA.II.A.R2 Inoperative equipment discovered prior to flight.
AA.II.A.R3 Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
AA.II.A.R4 External pressures.
AA.II.A.R5 Aviation security concerns.
13Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.II.A.S1 Inspect the aircraft in accordance with an appropriate checklist demonstrating proper operation of
applicable airplane systems. Coordinate checklist with crew, if appropriate.
AA.II.A.S2 Coordinate with ground crew and ensure adequate clearance prior to moving doors, hatches, flight
control surfaces, etc.
AA.II.A.S3 Document any discrepancies found; take corrective action and acknowledge limitations imposed by
MEL/CDL items, if applicable.
AA.II.A.S4 Determine if the aircraft is airworthy and in condition for safe flight.
AA.II.A.S5 Identify and comply with operations specifications as required.
AA.II.A.S6 Assess factors related to the environment (weather, airports, terrain, airspace).
AA.II.A.S7 Ensure the airplane and surfaces are free of ice, snow, and frost. If icing conditions are present,
demonstrate satisfactory knowledge of deicing procedures.
Task B. Powerplant Start
eferences: R AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
powerplant start procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.II.B.K1 Normal and abnormal powerplant start procedures and limitations, including the use of an auxiliary
power unit (APU) or external power source, if applicable.
AA.II.B.K2 Starting under various conditions.
AA.II.B.K3 Malfunctions during powerplant start, procedures to address the malfunction, and any associated
limitations.
AA.II.B.K4 Coordinating and communicating with ground personnel for powerplant start, if applicable.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.II.B.R1 Malfunctions during powerplant start.
AA.II.B.R2 Propeller and turbine powerplant safety.
AA.II.B.R3 Managing situations where specific instructions or checklist items are not published.
AA.II.B.R4 Personnel, vehicles, vessels, foreign object debris, and other aircraft in the vicinity during powerplant
start.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.II.B.S1 Ensure the ground safety procedures are followed during the before-start, start, and after-start phases.
AA.II.B.S2 Use appropriate ground crew personnel during the start procedures (if applicable).
14Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.II.B.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and after
powerplant start.
AA.II.B.S4 Respond appropriately to an abnormal start or malfunction.
Task C. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 91, 121, 135; AC 91-73, AC 120-57, AC 120-74; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2,
FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; NOTAMs; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
safe taxi operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.II.C.K1 Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement,
airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
AA.II.C.K2 Taxi instructions/clearances, including published taxi routes.
AA.II.C.K3 Airport markings, signs, and lights.
AA.II.C.K4 Appropriate aircraft lighting for day and night operations.
AA.II.C.K5 Push-back procedures, if applicable.
AA.II.C.K6 Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning, identifying the location of Hot
Spots, and coordinating with crew if, applicable.
AA.II.C.K7 Communications at towered and nontowered airports.
AA.II.C.K8 Entering or crossing runways.
AA.II.C.K9 Night taxi operations.
AA.II.C.K10 Low visibility taxi operations and techniques used to avoid disorientation.
AA.II.C.K11 Single-Engine taxi procedures for (AMEL).
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.II.C.R1 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.II.C.R2 Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AA.II.C.R3 A taxi route or departure runway change.
AA.II.C.R4 Partial completion of checklist(s).
AA.II.C.R5 Low visibility taxi operations.
AA.II.C.R6 Runway incursion.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.II.C.S1 Receive/record taxi instructions, read back/acknowledge taxi clearances, and review taxi routes on the
airport diagram.
AA.II.C.S2 Use an appropriate airport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
15Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.II.C.S3 Comply with air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions and observe all runway hold lines,
Instrument Landing System (ILS) critical areas, beacons, and other airport/taxiway markings and
lighting.
AA.II.C.S4 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and during taxi,
as appropriate.
AA.II.C.S5 Maintain situational awareness.
AA.II.C.S6 Maintain correct and positive airplane control, proper speed, appropriate use of wheel brakes and
reverse thrust, and separation between other aircraft, vehicles, and persons to avoid an incursion/
incident/accident.
AA.II.C.S7 Demonstrate taxi during day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the applicant
explains the differences between day and night taxi.
AA.II.C.S8 Demonstrate proper use of aircraft exterior lighting for day and night operations. If either condition is
not available, the applicant explains the differences between exterior aircraft lighting used for day and
night operations.
AA.II.C.S9 Explain the hazards of low visibility taxi operations.
Task D. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91, 121, 135; AC 91-73, AC 120-57, AC 120-74; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2,
FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
safe taxi and sailing operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.II.D.K1 Current airport/seaplane base aeronautical references and information resources, including Chart
Supplements, airport diagram, and appropriate references.
AA.II.D.K2 Taxi instructions/clearances, if applicable.
AA.II.D.K3 Airport/seaplane base markings, signs, and lights.
AA.II.D.K4 Appropriate aircraft lighting for day and night operations.
AA.II.D.K5 Sailing elements and techniques and when sailing should be used.
AA.II.D.K6 Considerations for determining the most favorable sailing course.
AA.II.D.K7 Airport/seaplane base procedures, including:
AA.II.D.K7a a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi or sailing, including route planning, and
coordinating with crew, if applicable
AA.II.D.K7b b. Communications at towered and nontowered seaplane bases
AA.II.D.K7c c. Entering or crossing runways (land operation)
AA.II.D.K7d d. Night taxi and sailing operations
AA.II.D.K7e e. Low visibility taxi and sailing operations
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.II.D.R1 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
16Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.II.D.R2 Porpoising and skipping.
AA.II.D.R3 Partial completion of checklist(s).
AA.II.D.R4 Low visibility taxi and sailing operations.
AA.II.D.R5 Other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.
AA.II.D.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.II.D.R7 Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.II.D.S1 Receive/record taxi instructions, read back/acknowledge taxi clearances, and review taxi routes on the
airport diagram.
AA.II.D.S2 Use an appropriate chart during taxi, if published.
AA.II.D.S3 Comply with ATC clearances, as appropriate, and seaplane base/airport/taxiway markings, signals and
signs.
AA.II.D.S4 Depart the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in a safe manner, considering wind, current, traffic, and
hazards.
AA.II.D.S5 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and during taxi or
sailing, as appropriate.
AA.II.D.S6 Maintain situational awareness.
AA.II.D.S7 Maintain correct and positive airplane control, proper speed, appropriate use of reverse thrust, and
separation between other aircraft, vehicles, vessels, and persons to avoid an incursion or right-of-way
violation.
AA.II.D.S8 Position the flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudders, and power correctly for the existing conditions
to follow the desired course while sailing and to prevent or correct for porpoising and skipping during
step taxi.
AA.II.D.S9 Use the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.
AA.II.D.S10 Exhibit procedures for steering and maneuvering while maintaining proper situational awareness and
desired orientation, path, and position.
AA.II.D.S11 Plan and follow the most favorable taxi or sailing course for current conditions.
AA.II.D.S12 Demonstrate taxi or sailing during day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the
applicant explains the differences between day and night taxi or sailing.
AA.II.D.S13 Demonstrate proper use of aircraft exterior lighting for day and night operations. If either condition is
not available, the applicant explains the differences between exterior aircraft lighting used for day and
night operations.
AA.II.D.S14 Explain the hazards of low visibility taxi and sailing operations.
Task E. Before Takeoff Checks
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
before takeoff checks.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
17Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.II.E.K1 Purpose of pre-takeoff checklist items, including:
AA.II.E.K1a a. Reasons for checking each item
AA.II.E.K1b b. Detecting malfunctions
AA.II.E.K1c c. Ensuring the aircraft is in safe operating condition
AA.II.E.K2 Deicing and anti-icing procedures, holdover times, and pre-takeoff contamination check.
AA.II.E.K3 Adverse weather considerations for performance on takeoff (e.g., snow, ice, gusting crosswinds, low-
visibility).
AA.II.E.K4 Items to be included in a before takeoff briefing.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.II.E.R1 Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.
AA.II.E.R2 An unexpected change in the runway to be used for departure.
AA.II.E.R3 Using performance data to set airspeeds and flight instruments for actual conditions and the departure
runway.
AA.II.E.R4 Setting navigation and communication equipment for departure.
AA.II.E.R5 Configuring autopilot and flight director for departure.
AA.II.E.R6 Adverse weather conditions prior to takeoff (e.g., snow, ice, gusting crosswinds, low-visibility).
AA.II.E.R7 Potential powerplant failure during takeoff or other malfunction considering operational factors such as
airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, and
obstructions.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.II.E.S1 Determine the airplane’s takeoff performance for actual conditions and planned departure runway or
waterway.
AA.II.E.S2 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.II.E.S3 Determine all systems checked are within an acceptable operating range and are safe for the
proposed flight. During the checks, explain at the request of the evaluator, any system operating
characteristic or limitation and any corrective action for a malfunction.
AA.II.E.S4 Determine airspeeds/V-speeds and set flight instruments appropriately, configure flight director,
autopilot, and navigation and communication equipment for the current flight conditions and takeoff
and departure clearances.
AA.II.E.S5 Conduct a briefing that includes procedures for emergency and abnormal situations (e.g., powerplant
failure, windshear), which may be encountered during takeoff, and state the planned action if they
were to occur.
AA.II.E.S6 Obtain and correctly interpret the takeoff and departure clearance.
18Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management and skills associated with a
normal takeoff and climb.
ote: N If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be
evaluated through oral testing.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.A.K1 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AA.III.A.K2 Appropriate V-speeds for takeoff and climb.
AA.III.A.K3 Appropriate aircraft configuration and power setting for takeoff and climb.
AA.III.A.K4 Runway markings and lighting.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.A.R1 Selection of a runway, or runway intersection, based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface
conditions, and wind.
AA.III.A.R2 Wake turbulence.
AA.III.A.R3 Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AA.III.A.R3a a. Rejected takeoff
AA.III.A.R3b b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AA.III.A.R4 Configuring or setting the aircraft (e.g., trim, flaps, autobrakes, etc.).
AA.III.A.R5 Collision hazards.
AA.III.A.R6 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.A.R7 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.A.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.III.A.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.A.S3 Verify assigned/correct runway (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
AA.III.A.S4 Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.
AA.III.A.S5 Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AA.III.A.S6 Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL)
or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
19Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.A.S7 Retract the water rudders, as appropriate (ASES, AMES).
AA.III.A.S8 Establish and maintain the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude, and correct for porpoising or skipping
(ASES, AMES).
AA.III.A.S9 Maintain centerline (ASEL, AMEL) and proper flight control inputs during the takeoff roll.
AA.III.A.S10 Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation making
callouts, as appropriate, for the airplane or per the operator’s procedures.
AA.III.A.S11 Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s) (ASES, AMES).
AA.III.A.S12 Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed.
AA.III.A.S13 Establish a power setting and a pitch attitude to maintain the desired climb airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots
for each climb segment.
AA.III.A.S14 Maintain desired heading ±5°.
AA.III.A.S15 Retract the landing gear and flaps in accordance with manufacturer or operator procedures and
limitations, as appropriate.
AA.III.A.S16 Avoid wake turbulence, if applicable.
AA.III.A.S17 Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
AA.III.A.S18 Complete appropriate after takeoff checklist(s) in a timely manner.
Task B. Normal Approach and Landing
eferences: R AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 17010, SAFO
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
normal approach and landing.
ote: N If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be
evaluated through oral testing.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.B.K1 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.III.B.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AA.III.B.K3 Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AA.III.B.K4 Runway markings and lighting.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.B.R1 Selection of a runway or approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available
distance, surface conditions, and wind.
AA.III.B.R2 Wake turbulence.
AA.III.B.R3 Go-around/rejected landing.
20Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.B.R4 Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).
AA.III.B.R5 Collision hazards.
AA.III.B.R6 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.B.R7 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, incorrect airport surface approach and landing, or improper
task management.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.B.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AA.III.B.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.B.S3 Maintain a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern flown takes into consideration
obstructions and air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions.
AA.III.B.S4 Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
AA.III.B.S5 Scan the runway or landing surface and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AA.III.B.S6 Select a suitable touchdown point considering wind, landing surface, and obstructions.
AA.III.B.S7 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, ±5 knots, and adjust
pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.III.B.S8 Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and
landing.
AA.III.B.S9 Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AA.III.B.S10 Touch down with the runway centerline between the main landing gear at the appropriate speed and
pitch attitude at the runway aiming point markings -250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway
markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold of the runway (ASEL, AMEL).
AA.III.B.S11 During round out and touchdown contact the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond
a specified point (ASES, AMES). In addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of
the water landing area.
AA.III.B.S12 Decelerate to taxi speed (20 knots or less on dry pavement, 10 knots or less on contaminated
pavement) to within the calculated landing distance plus 25% for the actual conditions with the runway
centerline between the main landing gear (At least one landing) (ASEL, AMEL).
AA.III.B.S13 Use spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as
appropriate to safely slow the airplane. (At least one landing to a full stop).
AA.III.B.S14 Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or
for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AA.III.B.S15 Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
glassy water takeoff and climb.
ote: N If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the T ask.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
21Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.C.K1 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AA.III.C.K2 Appropriate power settings and V-speeds for takeoff and climb.
AA.III.C.K3 Appropriate airplane configuration.
AA.III.C.K4 Appropriate use of glassy water takeoff and climb technique.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.C.R1 Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and
wind.
AA.III.C.R2 Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AA.III.C.R2a a. Rejected takeoff
AA.III.C.R2b b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AA.III.C.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.C.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.C.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.C.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.C.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.III.C.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.C.S3 Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AA.III.C.S4 Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.
AA.III.C.S5 Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.
AA.III.C.S6 Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AA.III.C.S7 Set and confirm takeoff power.
AA.III.C.S8 Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AA.III.C.S9 Maintain directional control throughout takeoff and climb.
AA.III.C.S10 Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising,
skipping, and increase in water drag.
AA.III.C.S11 Utilize appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water considering surface conditions.
AA.III.C.S12 Adjust power, as appropriate, and establish a pitch attitude to maintain the appropriate climb airspeed/
V-speed, ±5 knots for each climb segment.
22Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.C.S13 Retract flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with manufacturer or
operator procedures and limitations, as appropriate.
AA.III.C.S14 Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Task D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
glassy water approach and landing.
ote: N If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the T ask.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.D.K1 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.III.D.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AA.III.D.K3 Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AA.III.D.K4 When and why glassy water techniques are used.
AA.III.D.K5 How a glassy water approach and landing is executed.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.D.R1 Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available distance,
surface conditions, and wind.
AA.III.D.R2 Go-around/rejected landing.
AA.III.D.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.D.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.D.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.D.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.D.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AA.III.D.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.D.S3 Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.
AA.III.D.S4 Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select
the proper approach and landing path.
AA.III.D.S5 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch
attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.III.D.S6 Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, ±5 knots.
23Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.D.S7 Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and
rate of descent to touchdown.
AA.III.D.S8 Maintain directional control throughout the approach and landing.
AA.III.D.S9 Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, and slow to idle taxi speed.
Task E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
rough water takeoff and climb.
ote: N If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the T ask.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.E.K1 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AA.III.E.K2 Appropriate power settings and V-speeds for takeoff and climb.
AA.III.E.K3 Appropriate airplane configuration.
AA.III.E.K4 Appropriate use of rough water takeoff and climb technique.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.E.R1 Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and
wind.
AA.III.E.R2 Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AA.III.E.R2a a. Rejected takeoff
AA.III.E.R2b b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AA.III.E.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.E.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.E.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.E.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.E.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.III.E.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.E.S3 Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AA.III.E.S4 Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.
AA.III.E.S5 Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.
24Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.E.S6 Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AA.III.E.S7 Set and confirm takeoff power.
AA.III.E.S8 Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AA.III.E.S9 Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AA.III.E.S10 Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising,
skipping, and increase in water drag.
AA.III.E.S11 Establish proper attitude and airspeed, lift off at minimum airspeed and accelerate to appropriate climb
airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots before leaving ground effect.
AA.III.E.S12 Retract the flaps after a positive rate of climb is established and a safe altitude has been achieved.
AA.III.E.S13 Maintain takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude then set climb power.
AA.III.E.S14 Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Task F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
rough water approach and landing.
ote: N If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the T ask.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.F.K1 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.III.F.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AA.III.F.K3 Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AA.III.F.K4 When and why rough water techniques are used.
AA.III.F.K5 How to perform a proper rough water approach and landing.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.F.R1 Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on airplane limitations, available distance,
surface conditions, and wind.
AA.III.F.R2 Go-around/rejected landing.
AA.III.F.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.F.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.F.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.F.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
25Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.F.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AA.III.F.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.F.S3 Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.
AA.III.F.S4 Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select
the proper approach and landing path.
AA.III.F.S5 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch
attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.III.F.S6 Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed with gust factor applied, ±5 knots.
AA.III.F.S7 Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper attitude and rate
of descent to touchdown.
AA.III.F.S8 Contact the water at the correct pitch attitude and touchdown speed.
AA.III.F.S9 Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control application during the landing while remaining
alert for a go-around should conditions be too rough.
AA.III.F.S10 Maintain positive after-landing control.
Task G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
confined area takeoff and maximum performance climb.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.G.K1 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AA.III.G.K2 Appropriate power settings and V-speeds for takeoff and climb.
AA.III.G.K3 Appropriate airplane configuration.
AA.III.G.K4 Effects of water surface.
AA.III.G.K5 Available techniques for confined-area takeoff and climb.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.G.R1 Selection of the takeoff path based on airplane limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and
wind.
AA.III.G.R2 Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AA.III.G.R2a a. Rejected takeoff
AA.III.G.R2b b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AA.III.G.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.G.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
26Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.G.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.G.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.G.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.III.G.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.G.S3 Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AA.III.G.S4 Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.
AA.III.G.S5 Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.
AA.III.G.S6 Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AA.III.G.S7 Set and confirm takeoff power.
AA.III.G.S8 Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AA.III.G.S9 Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AA.III.G.S10 Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising,
skipping, and increase in water drag.
AA.III.G.S11 Rotate and lift off at the appropriate airspeed, and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance
airspeed or V X using appropriate bank angles to maintain terrain clearance, as needed.
AA.III.G.S12 Climb at the recommended airspeed or in its absence at best angle-of-climb speed (V X), +5/-0 knots
until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface. In multiengine airplanes
with V X values within 5 knots of minimum control speed (V MC), the use of best rate of climb speed (V Y)
or the manufacturer's recommendation is acceptable.
AA.III.G.S13 After clearing all obstacles, accelerate to V Y ±5 knots.
AA.III.G.S14 Retract flaps and adjust power as needed to maintain V Y or appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots to a
safe maneuvering altitude.
AA.III.G.S15 Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Task H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
confined area approach and landing.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.H.K1 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.III.H.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AA.III.H.K3 Available techniques for confined-area approach and landing.
27Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.H.K4 Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.H.R1 Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available distance,
surface conditions, and wind.
AA.III.H.R2 Go-around/rejected landing.
AA.III.H.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.III.H.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.H.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.H.R6 Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.H.R7 Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.H.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AA.III.H.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.H.S3 Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.
AA.III.H.S4 Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select
the proper approach and landing path.
AA.III.H.S5 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch
attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.III.H.S6 Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed with gust factor applied, ±5 knots.
AA.III.H.S7 Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper attitude and rate
of descent to touchdown.
AA.III.H.S8 Touch down smoothly at the recommended airspeed and pitch attitude, beyond and within 100 feet of
a specified point/area.
AA.III.H.S9 Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and
landing.
Task I. Rejected Takeoff
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
rejected takeoff.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.I.K1 Conditions and situations that could warrant a rejected takeoff (e.g., takeoff warning systems,
powerplant failure, other systems warning/failure).
AA.III.I.K2 Safety considerations following a rejected takeoff.
28Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.III.I.K3 The procedure for accomplishing a rejected takeoff.
AA.III.I.K4 Accelerate/stop distance.
AA.III.I.K5 Relevant V-speeds for a rejected takeoff.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.I.R1 Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and
wind.
AA.III.I.R2 A powerplant failure or other malfunction during takeoff.
AA.III.I.R3 Directional control following a rejected takeoff.
AA.III.I.R4 A rejected takeoff with inadequate stopping distance.
AA.III.I.R5 High-speed rejected takeoff.
AA.III.I.R6 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.I.S1 Reject the takeoff if the powerplant failure occurs prior to becoming airborne (ASEL, ASES).
AA.III.I.S2 Reject the takeoff if the powerplant failure occurs at a point during the takeoff where the rejected
takeoff procedure can be initiated and the airplane can be safely stopped on the remaining runway/
waterway (AMEL, AMES).
AA.III.I.S3 Promptly reduce the power and maintain positive aircraft control using drag and braking devices, as
appropriate, to come to a stop.
AA.III.I.S4 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate procedures, checklist(s), and radio
calls following a rejected takeoff in a timely manner.
Task J. Go-Around/Rejected Landing
eferences: R AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/
AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
go-around/rejected landing.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.III.J.K1 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.III.J.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on a go-around or rejected
landing.
AA.III.J.K3 Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and approach/landing.
AA.III.J.K4 Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around/rejected landing, including
the inability to comply with a LAHSO clearance.
AA.III.J.K5 Go-around/rejected landing procedures, the importance of a timely decision, and appropriate airspeed/
V-speeds for the maneuver.
29Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.III.J.R1 Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.
AA.III.J.R2 Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude.
AA.III.J.R3 Power application.
AA.III.J.R4 Configuring the airplane.
AA.III.J.R5 Collision hazards.
AA.III.J.R6 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.III.J.R7 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.J.R8 Managing a go-around/rejected landing after accepting a LAHSO clearance.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.III.J.S1 Make a timely decision to go-around/reject the landing.
AA.III.J.S2 Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish a pitch attitude necessary to
obtain the desired performance.
AA.III.J.S3 Establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots.
AA.III.J.S4 Configure and trim the airplane, when appropriate.
AA.III.J.S5 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.III.J.S6 Maintain the ground track, heading, or course appropriate for the conditions, or as specified by ATC or
the evaluator.
AA.III.J.S7 Complete the appropriate procedures and checklist(s) in a timely manner.
30Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers
Task A. Steep Turns
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
steep turns.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.IV.A.K1 Energy management concepts.
AA.IV.A.K2 Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
AA.IV.A.K2a a. Maintaining coordinated flight
AA.IV.A.K2b b. Overbanking tendencies
AA.IV.A.K2c c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
AA.IV.A.K2d d. Load factor and accelerated stalls
AA.IV.A.K2e e. Rate and radius of turn
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.IV.A.R1 Spatial disorientation when conducting a steep turn while flying by reference to instruments.
AA.IV.A.R2 Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.
AA.IV.A.R3 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.IV.A.R4 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.IV.A.R5 Uncoordinated flight.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.IV.A.S1 Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground
level (AGL).
AA.IV.A.S2 Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to
exceed maneuvering speed (V A).
AA.IV.A.S3 Establish at least a 45° bank solely by reference to instruments and make a coordinated steep turn of
at least 180°, as specified by the evaluator.
AA.IV.A.S4 Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
AA.IV.A.S5 Make smooth pitch, bank, and power adjustments as needed.
AA.IV.A.S6 Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the specified
heading, ±10°.
AA.IV.A.S7 Avoid any indication of an impending stall, abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural or
operating limitation during any part of the Task.
31Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Task B. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
eferences: R AC 120-111; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
recovering from unusual flight attitudes solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.IV.B.K1 Procedures for recovery from unusual flight attitudes.
AA.IV.B.K2 Unusual flight attitude causal factors, including physiological factors, system and equipment failures,
and environmental factors.
AA.IV.B.K3 The operating envelope and structural limitations for the aircraft.
AA.IV.B.K4 Effects of engine location, wing design, and other specific design characteristics that could affect
aircraft control during the recovery.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.IV.B.R1 Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress,
task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
AA.IV.B.R2 [Archived]
AA.IV.B.R3 Operating envelope considerations.
AA.IV.B.R4 Interpreting flight instruments.
AA.IV.B.R5 Assessment of the unusual attitude.
AA.IV.B.R6 Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.
AA.IV.B.R7 Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AA.IV.B.R8 Collision hazards.
AA.IV.B.R9 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.IV.B.S1 Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both
nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft
configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.
Task C. Specific Flight Characteristics
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
flight and performance characteristics unique to a specific aircraft type.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.IV.C.K1 All specific flight and performance characteristics associated with the aircraft.
32Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.IV.C.R1 Specific flight and performance characteristics, their effects, and applicable procedures.
AA.IV.C.R2 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.IV.C.S1 Use proper techniques, checklists, and procedures to enter into, operate within, and recover from
specific flight situations, as applicable.
33Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Task A. Partial Flap Configuration Stall Prevention
eferences: R AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific);
POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
stalls in a partial flap configuration.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.V.A.K1 Aerodynamics associated with stalls in a partial flap configuration, including the relationship between
angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, aircraft attitude, and
sideslip effects.
AA.V.A.K2 Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall
indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AA.V.A.K3 Factors and situations that can lead to a stall during takeoff or while on approach and actions that can
be taken to prevent it.
AA.V.A.K4 Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected
disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the
evaluation.
AA.V.A.K5 Fundamentals of stall recovery.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.V.A.R1 Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during takeoff or
while on approach.
AA.V.A.R2 Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.A.R3 Stall warning awareness.
AA.V.A.R4 Stall recovery procedure.
AA.V.A.R5 Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AA.V.A.R6 Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while in a partial flap configuration as it
relates to stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AA.V.A.R7 Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.
AA.V.A.R8 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.V.A.S1 Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than
3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport
category airplanes).
AA.V.A.S2 [Archived]
34Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.V.A.S3 Establish the takeoff or approach configuration (partial flap), as specified by the evaluator, and
maintain coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions throughout the maneuver.
AA.V.A.S4 Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°),
and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.
AA.V.A.S5 Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet,
stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.A.S6 Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook
(POH)/Flight Manual (FM).
AA.V.A.S7 Retract the flaps or other lift/drag devices to the recommended setting, if applicable; retract the landing
gear after a positive rate of climb is established, if applicable; and return to the desired flight path as
specified by the evaluator.
Task B. Clean Configuration Stall Prevention
eferences: R AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific);
POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
stalls in a clean configuration.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.V.B.K1 Aerodynamics associated with stalls in a clean configuration, including the relationship between angle
of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, and aircraft attitude.
AA.V.B.K2 Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall
indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AA.V.B.K3 Factors and situations that can lead to a stall during cruise flight and actions that can be taken to
prevent it.
AA.V.B.K4 Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected
disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the
evaluation.
AA.V.B.K5 Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AA.V.B.K6 Effects of altitude on performance (e.g., thrust available) and flight control effectiveness during a
recovery.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.V.B.R1 Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during cruise
flight.
AA.V.B.R2 Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.B.R3 Stall warning awareness.
AA.V.B.R4 Stall recovery procedure.
AA.V.B.R5 Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.
35Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.V.B.R6 Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while in cruise flight as it relates to stalls
(e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AA.V.B.R7 Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.
AA.V.B.R8 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.V.B.S1 Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than
3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport
category airplanes).
AA.V.B.S2 [Archived]
AA.V.B.S3 While in cruise flight, maintain coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions
throughout the maneuver.
AA.V.B.S4 Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°),
and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.
AA.V.B.S5 Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet,
stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.B.S6 Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook
(POH)/Flight Manual (FM).
AA.V.B.S7 Return to the desired flight path as specified by the evaluator.
Task C. Landing Configuration Stall Prevention
eferences: R AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific);
POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
stalls in the landing configuration
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.V.C.K1 Aerodynamics associated with stalls in the landing configuration, including the relationship between
angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, aircraft attitude, and
sideslip effects.
AA.V.C.K2 Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall
indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AA.V.C.K3 Factors and situations that can lead to a stall when configured for landing and actions that can be
taken to prevent it.
AA.V.C.K4 Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected
disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the
evaluation.
AA.V.C.K5 Fundamentals of stall recovery.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
36Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.V.C.R1 Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during landing.
AA.V.C.R2 Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.C.R3 Stall warning awareness.
AA.V.C.R4 Stall recovery procedure.
AA.V.C.R5 Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AA.V.C.R6 Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while landing as it relates to stalls (e.g.,
turbulence, icing, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AA.V.C.R7 Stalls at a low altitude.
AA.V.C.R8 Collision hazards, including aircraft and terrain.
AA.V.C.R9 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.V.C.S1 Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than
3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport
category airplanes).
AA.V.C.S2 [Archived]
AA.V.C.S3 Establish the landing configuration (i.e., lift/drag devices set and landing gear extended) and maintain
coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions throughout the maneuver.
AA.V.C.S4 Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°),
and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.
AA.V.C.S5 Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet,
stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).
AA.V.C.S6 Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook
(POH)/Flight Manual (FM).
AA.V.C.S7 Retract the flaps or other lift/drag devices to the recommended setting, if applicable; retract the landing
gear after a positive rate of climb is established, if applicable; and return to the desired flight path as
specified by the evaluator.
37Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Task A. Instrument Takeoff
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-23,
FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
an instrument takeoff.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.A.K1 Operational factors that could affect an instrument takeoff (e.g., runway length, runway lighting,
surface conditions, wind, wake turbulence, icing conditions, obstructions, available instrument
approaches or alternate airports available) in the event of an emergency after takeoff.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.A.R1 Selection of a runway based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, surface
conditions, lighting, and wind.
AA.VI.A.R2 Wake turbulence.
AA.VI.A.R3 Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AA.VI.A.R3a a. Rejected takeoff
AA.VI.A.R3b b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight with the ceiling or visibility below the
minimums for an instrument approach at departure airport
AA.VI.A.R4 Collision hazards.
AA.VI.A.R5 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VI.A.R6 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.A.S1 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely
manner.
AA.VI.A.S2 Properly set the applicable avionics and flight instruments prior to initiating the takeoff.
AA.VI.A.S3 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.VI.A.S4 Verify assigned/correct runway (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
AA.VI.A.S5 Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AA.VI.A.S6 Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL)
or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
AA.VI.A.S7 Perform an instrument takeoff with instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) simulated at or before
reaching an altitude of 100 feet above ground level (AGL). If accomplished in a full flight simulator,
visibility should be no greater than ¼ mile, or as specified by applicable operations specifications,
whichever is lower.
AA.VI.A.S8 Maintain centerline (ASEL, AMEL) and proper flight control inputs during the takeoff roll.
38Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.A.S9 Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation making
callouts, as appropriate, for the airplane or per the operator’s procedures.
AA.VI.A.S10 Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, establish the desired pitch attitude, and accelerate to
the desired airspeed/V-speed.
AA.VI.A.S11 Transition smoothly from visual meteorological conditions (VM*C) to actual or simulated instrument
meteorological conditions (IMC).
AA.VI.A.S12 Maintain desired heading ±5° and desired airspeeds ±5 knots.
AA.VI.A.S13 Comply with air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions issued by ATC or the evaluator, as
appropriate.
AA.VI.A.S14 Complete appropriate after takeoff checklist(s) in a timely manner.
Task B. Departure Procedures
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16,
FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
instrument departure procedures (DPs).
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.B.K1 Takeoff minimums; (Obstacle) Departure Procedure (ODP), including Visual Climb over the Airport
(VCOA) and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors); Standard Instrument Departure (SID), including
Area Navigation (RNAV) departure; required climb gradients; U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications;
and En Route Charts.
AA.VI.B.K2 Use of a Flight Management System (FMS) or Global Positioning System (GPS) to follow a DP.
AA.VI.B.K3 Pilot/controller responsibilities, communication procedures, and ATC services available to pilots.
AA.VI.B.K4 Two-way radio communication failure procedures after takeoff.
AA.VI.B.K5 Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment,
tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.B.R1 Following published procedures and required climb gradients or ATC Instructions.
AA.VI.B.R2 Limitations of air traffic avoidance equipment and use of see and avoid techniques.
AA.VI.B.R3 Automation management.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.B.S1 Select the appropriate instrument departure procedure. Then select, identify (as necessary), and use
the appropriate communication and navigation facilities associated with the procedure.
AA.VI.B.S2 Program the FMS prior to departure and set avionics, including flight director and autopilot controls, as
appropriate, for the departure, if applicable.
39Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.B.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.B.S4 Use current and appropriate navigation publications or databases for the proposed flight.
AA.VI.B.S5 Establish two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, use proper phraseology,
comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions, and exhibit adequate
knowledge of communication failure procedures.
AA.VI.B.S6 Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, clearance, or as
directed by the evaluator in a timely manner.
AA.VI.B.S7 Comply with all applicable charted procedures.
AA.VI.B.S8 Maintain the appropriate airspeed ±10 knots, headings ±10°, and altitude ±100 feet, and accurately
track a course, radial, or bearing.
AA.VI.B.S9 Conduct the departure phase to a point where, in the opinion of the evaluator, the transition to the en
route environment is complete.
Task C. Arrival Procedures
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16,
FAA-H-8083-25; IFR Enroute Charts; POH/AFM; STARs; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) arrival procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.C.K1 Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) charts, U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications, and IFR En Route
High and Low Altitude Charts.
AA.VI.C.K2 Use of a Flight Management System (FMS) or GPS to follow a STAR.
AA.VI.C.K3 Pilot/controller responsibilities, communication procedures, and ATC services available to pilots.
AA.VI.C.K4 Two-way radio communication failure procedures during an arrival.
AA.VI.C.K5 Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment,
tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.C.R1 ATC communications and compliance with published procedures.
AA.VI.C.R2 Limitations of traffic avoidance equipment.
AA.VI.C.R3 Responsibility to use "see and avoid" techniques when possible.
AA.VI.C.R4 Automation management.
AA.VI.C.R5 ATC instructions that modify an arrival or discontinue/resume the aircraft's lateral or vertical navigation
on an arrival.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
40Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.C.S1 In actual or simulated instrument conditions, select, identify (as necessary) and use the appropriate
communication and navigation facilities associated with the arrival.
AA.VI.C.S2 Set FMS and avionics, including flight director and autopilot controls for the arrival, if applicable.
AA.VI.C.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.C.S4 Use current and appropriate navigation publications or databases for the proposed flight.
AA.VI.C.S5 Establish two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, use proper phraseology and
comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions as well as exhibit
adequate knowledge of communication failure procedures.
AA.VI.C.S6 Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, clearance, or as
directed by the evaluator in a timely manner.
AA.VI.C.S7 Comply with all applicable charted procedures.
AA.VI.C.S8 Adhere to airspeed restrictions required by regulation, procedure, aircraft limitation, ATC, or the
evaluator.
AA.VI.C.S9 Establish rates of descent consistent with the route segment, airplane operating characteristics and
safety.
AA.VI.C.S10 Maintain the appropriate airspeed/V-speed ±10 knots, but not less than reference landing approach
speed (V REF) if applicable, heading ±10°, altitude ±100 feet, and accurately track radials, courses, and
bearings.
Task D. Non-precision Approaches
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 120-108; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15,
FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing non-precision approach procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.D.K1 Procedures and limitations associated with a non-precision approach, including the differences
between Localizer Performance (LP) and Lateral Navigation (LNAV) approach guidance.
AA.VI.D.K2 Navigation system displays and annunciations, modes of operation, and Required Navigation
Performance (RNP) lateral accuracy values associated with an RNAV (GPS) approach.
AA.VI.D.K3 Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment,
tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
AA.VI.D.K4 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.D.R1 Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.
AA.VI.D.R2 Selecting a navigation frequency.
AA.VI.D.R3 Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
41Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.D.R4 Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
AA.VI.D.R5 An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.
AA.VI.D.R6 Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.
AA.VI.D.R7 Operating below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without proper visual references.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.D.S1 Accomplish the non-precision instrument approaches selected by the evaluator.
AA.VI.D.S2 Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or
approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.
AA.VI.D.S3 Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the
approach.
AA.VI.D.S4 Comply with all clearances issued by ATC or the evaluator.
AA.VI.D.S5 Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.
AA.VI.D.S6 Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
AA.VI.D.S7 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.D.S8 Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and
operating conditions.
AA.VI.D.S9 Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±5°, airspeed ±10 knots, and accurately track radials,
courses, and bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.
AA.VI.D.S10 Adjust the published MDA/Derived Decision Altitude (DDA) and visibility criteria for the aircraft
approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs),
inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids associated with the landing
environment, etc.
AA.VI.D.S11 Establish a stabilized descent to the appropriate altitude.
AA.VI.D.S12 For the final approach segment, maintain no more than ¼ scale course deviation indicator (CDI)
deflection, airspeed ±5 knots of selected value, and altitude above MDA +50/-0 feet [to the visual
descent point (VDP) or missed approach point (MAP)].
AA.VI.D.S13 Execute the missed approach procedure if the required visual references are not distinctly visible and
identifiable at the appropriate point or altitude for the approach profile; or execute a normal landing
from a straight-in or circling approach.
AA.VI.D.S14 Use a Multi-Function Display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor
position, track wind drift and other parameters to maintain desired flightpath.
Task E. Precision Approaches
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15,
FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing precision approach procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
42Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.E.K1 Procedures and limitations associated with a precision approach, including determining required
descent rates and adjusting minimums in the case of inoperative equipment.
AA.VI.E.K2 Navigation system displays, annunciations, and modes of operation.
AA.VI.E.K3 Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment,
tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
AA.VI.E.K4 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.E.R1 Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.
AA.VI.E.R2 Selecting a navigation frequency.
AA.VI.E.R3 Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
AA.VI.E.R4 Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
AA.VI.E.R5 An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.
AA.VI.E.R6 Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.
AA.VI.E.R7 Continuing to descend below the Decision Altitude (DA)/Decision Height (DH) when the required visual
references are not visible.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.E.S1 Accomplish the precision instrument approaches selected by the evaluator.
AA.VI.E.S2 Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or
approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.
AA.VI.E.S3 Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the
approach.
AA.VI.E.S4 Comply in a timely manner with all clearances, instructions, and procedures.
AA.VI.E.S5 Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.
AA.VI.E.S6 Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
AA.VI.E.S7 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.E.S8 Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and
operating conditions.
AA.VI.E.S9 Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±5°, airspeed ±10 knots, and accurately track radials,
courses, and bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.
AA.VI.E.S10 Adjust the published DA/DH and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate,
to account for NOTAMS, inoperative airplane or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids
associated with the landing environment.
AA.VI.E.S11 Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which
approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.
AA.VI.E.S12 Maintain a stabilized final approach from the Final Approach Fix (FAF) to DA/DH allowing no more
than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications and maintain the desired
airspeed ±5 knots.
43Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.E.S13 Upon reaching the DA/DH, immediately initiate the missed approach procedures if the required visual
references for the runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable (or if in a seaplane); or transition to
a normal landing approach only when the aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on
the runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.
AA.VI.E.S14 Use an MFD and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift
and other parameters to maintain desired flightpath.
Task F. Landing from a Precision Approach
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25;
SAFO 19001
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing the procedures for a landing from a precision approach.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
ote: N For non-amphibious seaplanes, this task applies only when the applicant has immediate access to an
instrument approach to a waterway.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.F.K1 Elements related to the pilot’s responsibilities, and the environmental, operational, and meteorological
factors that affect landing from a precision approach.
AA.VI.F.K2 Approach lighting systems and runway and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.F.R1 Selection of an approach procedure and runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance,
surface conditions, and wind.
AA.VI.F.R2 Wake turbulence.
AA.VI.F.R3 [Archived]
AA.VI.F.R3a a. [Archived]
AA.VI.F.R3b b. [Archived]
AA.VI.F.R4 Collision hazards.
AA.VI.F.R5 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VI.F.R6 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VI.F.R7 Attempting to land from an unstable approach.
AA.VI.F.R8 Flying below the glidepath.
AA.VI.F.R9 Transitioning from instrument to visual references for landing.
AA.VI.F.R10 Missed Approach.
AA.VI.F.R11 Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
44Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.F.S1 Maintain the desired airspeed, ±5 knots, and vertical and lateral guidance within ¼-scale deflection
of the indicators during the descent from DA/DH to a point where visual maneuvering is used to
accomplish a normal landing.
AA.VI.F.S2 Adhere to all ATC or evaluator advisories, such as NOTAMs, windshear, wake turbulence, runway
surface, braking conditions, and other operational considerations.
AA.VI.F.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.F.S4 Touch down at the aiming point markings, -250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway aiming point
markings, 750 to 1,500 feet, from the approach threshold of the runway.
AA.VI.F.S5 Maintain positive airplane control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as
appropriate, to come to a stop.
AA.VI.F.S6 Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
AA.VI.F.S7 Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task G. Circling Approach
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15,
FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing a circling approach procedure.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.G.K1 Elements related to circling approach procedures and limitations, including approach categories and
related airspeed restrictions.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.G.R1 Prescribed circling approach procedures.
AA.VI.G.R2 Executing a circling approach at night or with marginal visibility.
AA.VI.G.R3 Losing visual contact with an identifiable part of the airport.
AA.VI.G.R4 Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
AA.VI.G.R5 Control of altitude, airspeed, and distance while circling.
AA.VI.G.R6 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VI.G.R7 Executing a missed approach after the MAP while circling.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.G.S1 Comply with the circling approach procedure considering turbulence, windshear, and the maneuvering
capability and approach category of the aircraft.
AA.VI.G.S2 Confirm the direction of traffic and adhere to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC or the
evaluator.
AA.VI.G.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
45Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.G.S4 Establish the approach and landing configuration. Maintain a stabilized approach and a descent rate
that ensures arrival at the MDA, or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA, prior to the missed
approach point.
AA.VI.G.S5 Maintain airspeed ±5 knots, desired heading/track ±5°, and altitude +100/-0 feet until descending
below the MDA or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA.
AA.VI.G.S6 Visually maneuver to a base or downwind leg appropriate for the landing runway and environmental
conditions.
AA.VI.G.S7 If a missed approach occurs, turn in the appropriate direction using the correct procedure and
appropriately configure the airplane.
Task H. Landing from a Circling Approach
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25;
SAFO 19001
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing the procedures for a landing from a circling approach.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.H.K1 Elements related to the pilot’s responsibilities, and the environmental, operational, and meteorological
factors that affect landing from a circling approach.
AA.VI.H.K2 Approach lighting systems and runway and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.H.R1 Selection of an approach procedure and runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance,
surface conditions, and wind.
AA.VI.H.R2 Wake turbulence.
AA.VI.H.R3 [Archived]
AA.VI.H.R3a a. [Archived]
AA.VI.H.R3b b. [Archived]
AA.VI.H.R4 Collision hazards.
AA.VI.H.R5 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VI.H.R6 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VI.H.R7 Attempting to land from an unstable approach.
AA.VI.H.R8 Missed Approach.
AA.VI.H.R9 Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.H.S1 Keep the airport environment in sight and remain within the circling approach radius applicable to the
approach category to a position from which a stabilized descent to landing can be made.
46Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.H.S2 Adhere to all ATC or evaluator advisories, such as NOTAMs, windshear, wake turbulence, runway
surface, braking conditions, and other operational considerations.
AA.VI.H.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VI.H.S4 Aligns the airplane for a normal landing on the selected runway without excessive maneuvering and
without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane. The angle of bank should not exceed
30°.
AA.VI.H.S5 Make smooth, timely, and correct control application throughout the circling maneuver and maintain
appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots. If applicable, maintain altitude +100/−0 feet, and desired heading/
track, ±5°.
AA.VI.H.S6 Ensure the airplane is configured for landing.
AA.VI.H.S7 Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions. (ASEL, AMEL).
AA.VI.H.S8 Touch down at the aiming point markings - 250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway aiming point
markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold of the runway.
AA.VI.H.S9 Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as
appropriate, to come to a stop.
AA.VI.H.S10 Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
AA.VI.H.S11 Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task I. Missed Approaches
eferences: R 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16,
FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
performing a missed approach procedure.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.I.K1 Elements related to missed approach procedures, including reference to standby or backup
instruments.
AA.VI.I.K2 Limitations associated with standard instrument approaches, including while using an FMS or
autopilot, if equipped.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.I.R1 Deviations from prescribed procedures or ATC instructions.
AA.VI.I.R2 Holding, diverting, or electing to fly the approach again.
AA.VI.I.R3 Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
AA.VI.I.R4 Factors that might lead to executing a missed approach procedure before the MAP or to a go-around
below DA, DH, or MDA, as applicable.
AA.VI.I.R5 Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
47Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.I.S1 Promptly initiate the missed approach procedure and report it to ATC.
AA.VI.I.S2 Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish a pitch attitude necessary to
obtain the desired performance.
AA.VI.I.S3 Retract the wing flaps/drag devices and landing gear, if appropriate, in the correct sequence and at a
safe altitude, and establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots.
AA.VI.I.S4 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate procedures and checklist(s) in a
timely manner.
AA.VI.I.S5 Comply with the published or alternate missed approach procedure.
AA.VI.I.S6 Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance, restriction, or climb gradient.
AA.VI.I.S7 Maintain the heading, course, or bearing ±5°, and altitude(s) ±100 feet during the missed approach
procedure.
AA.VI.I.S8 Use an MFD and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position and track to help
navigate the missed approach.
AA.VI.I.S9 Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
AA.VI.I.S10 Re-engage autopilot (if installed) at appropriate times during the missed approach procedure.
AA.VI.I.S11 Request ATC clearance to attempt another approach, proceed to the alternate airport, holding fix, or
other clearance limit, as appropriate, or as directed by the evaluator.
Task J. Holding Procedures
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-74; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16,
FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
holding procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VI.J.K1 Elements related to holding procedures, including reporting criteria, appropriate speeds, and
recommended entry procedures for standard, nonstandard, published, and non-published holding
patterns.
AA.VI.J.K2 Determining holding endurance based upon factors, including an expect further clearance (EFC) time,
fuel on board, fuel flow while holding, fuel required to destination and alternate, etc., as appropriate.
AA.VI.J.K3 When to declare minimum fuel or a fuel-related emergency.
AA.VI.J.K4 Use of automation for holding, including autopilot and flight management systems, if equipped.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VI.J.R1 Recalculating fuel reserves if assigned an unanticipated expect further clearance (EFC) time.
AA.VI.J.R2 Scenarios and circumstances that could result in minimum fuel or the need to declare an emergency.
AA.VI.J.R3 Scenarios that could lead to holding, including deteriorating weather at the planned destination.
48Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VI.J.R4 Holding entry and wind correction while holding.
AA.VI.J.R5 Holding while in icing conditions.
AA.VI.J.R6 Automation management.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VI.J.S1 Correctly identify instrument navigation aids associated with the assigned hold.
AA.VI.J.S2 Use an entry procedure appropriate for a standard, nonstandard, published, or non-published holding
pattern.
AA.VI.J.S3 Change to the appropriate holding airspeed for the aircraft and holding altitude to cross the holding fix
at or below maximum holding airspeed.
AA.VI.J.S4 Comply with the holding pattern leg length and other restrictions, if applicable, associated with the
holding pattern.
AA.VI.J.S5 Comply with ATC reporting requirements.
AA.VI.J.S6 Use proper wind correction procedures to maintain the desired pattern and to arrive over the fix as
close as possible to a specified time.
AA.VI.J.S7 Maintain specified airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, headings ±10°, and accurately track a
selected course, radial, or bearing.
AA.VI.J.S8 If available, use automation, including autopilot, flight director controls, and navigation displays
associated with the assigned hold.
AA.VI.J.S9 Update fuel reserve calculations based on EFC times.
49Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Task A. Emergency Procedures
eferences: R 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-74; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB
Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
emergency procedures.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.A.K1 Declaring an emergency and selection of a suitable airport or landing location.
AA.VII.A.K2 Situations that would require an emergency descent (e.g., depressurization, smoke, or engine fire).
AA.VII.A.K3 Causes of inflight fire or smoke.
AA.VII.A.K4 Airplane decompression.
AA.VII.A.K5 When an emergency evacuation may be necessary.
AA.VII.A.K6 Actions required if icing conditions exceed the capabilities of the aircraft.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.A.R1 Selection of the procedures or checklists to follow in an emergency.
AA.VII.A.R2 Multiple failures or system abnormalities.
AA.VII.A.R3 Altitude, wind, terrain, and obstruction considerations in an emergency.
AA.VII.A.R4 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: For the airplane provided for the practical test, the applicant demonstrates the ability to:
AA.VII.A.S1 Explain or describe an emergency procedure for a situation(s) presented by the evaluator.
AA.VII.A.S2 Use proper procedures for an emergency situation(s) presented by the evaluator, such as:
AA.VII.A.S2a a. Emergency Descent
AA.VII.A.S2b b. Inflight fire and smoke
AA.VII.A.S2c c. Decompression
AA.VII.A.S2d d. Emergency evacuation
AA.VII.A.S2e e. Airframe icing
AA.VII.A.S2f f. Others as specified in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)
AA.VII.A.S3 Fly by reference to standby flight instruments, backup instrumentation, or partial panel, if applicable
and appropriate to the situation.
AA.VII.A.S4 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.
AA.VII.A.S5 Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
50Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Task B. Powerplant Failure During Takeoff
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
powerplant failure during takeoff.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.B.K1 The procedures used during a powerplant(s) failure on takeoff, the appropriate reference airspeeds,
and the specific pilot actions required.
AA.VII.B.K2 Operational considerations, including: airplane performance (e.g., sideslip, bank angle, rudder
input), takeoff warning systems, runway length, surface conditions, density altitude, wake turbulence,
environmental conditions, obstructions, and other related factors that could adversely affect safety.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.B.R1 Planning for a potential powerplant failure during takeoff considering operational factors (e.g., takeoff
warning inhibit systems, other airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions,
environmental conditions, obstructions, and land and hold short operations.
AA.VII.B.R2 Briefing the plan for a powerplant failure during takeoff, in a crew environment.
AA.VII.B.R3 Selection of the procedures or checklists to follow in an emergency.
AA.VII.B.R4 Identifying the inoperative engine (AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.R5 Inability to climb or maintain altitude with an inoperative powerplant (AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.R6 Altitude, wind, terrain, and obstruction considerations in an emergency.
AA.VII.B.R7 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VII.B.R8 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.B.S1 Following the powerplant failure, maintain positive airplane control and adjust the powerplant controls
as recommended by the manufacturer for the existing conditions.
AA.VII.B.S2 Establish a power-off descent approximately straight-ahead if the powerplant failure occurs after
becoming airborne and before reaching an altitude where a safe turn can be made (ASEL, ASES) or
the performance capabilities and operating limitations of the airplane do not allow the climb to continue
(AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.S3 Continue the takeoff if the (simulated) powerplant failure occurs at a point where the airplane can
continue to a specified airspeed and altitude at the end of the runway commensurate with the
airplane’s performance capabilities and operating limitations (AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.S4 After establishing a climb, maintain the desired airspeed, ±5 knots. Use flight controls in the proper
combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required, to maintain best performance and
trim as required (AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.S5 Maintain the appropriate heading, ±5°, when powerplant failure occurs (AMEL, AMES).
AA.VII.B.S6 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) following the powerplant
failure.
51Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VII.B.S7 Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Task C. Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (ASEL, ASES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
powerplant failure and associated emergency approach and landing procedures.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.C.K1 Immediate action items and emergency procedures for a forced landing.
AA.VII.C.K2 Airspeed, including:
AA.VII.C.K2a a. Importance of best glide speed and its relationship to distance
AA.VII.C.K2b b. Difference between best glide speed and minimum sink speed
AA.VII.C.K2c c. Effects of wind on glide distance
AA.VII.C.K3 Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.
AA.VII.C.K4 A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.VII.C.K5 Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and other emergency locating devices.
AA.VII.C.K6 Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.C.R1 Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.
AA.VII.C.R2 Following or changing the planned flightpath to the selected landing area.
AA.VII.C.R3 Collision hazards.
AA.VII.C.R4 Configuring the airplane.
AA.VII.C.R5 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VII.C.R6 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.C.R7 A powerplant failure in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.C.S1 Recognize the powerplant failure.
AA.VII.C.S2 Determine the cause for the simulated powerplant failure (if altitude permits) and if a restart is a viable
option.
AA.VII.C.S3 Maintain positive control throughout the maneuver.
AA.VII.C.S4 Establish and maintain the recommended best glide airspeed, ±5 knots.
52Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VII.C.S5 Configure the airplane in accordance with the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)\Airplane Flight
Manual (AFM) and existing conditions.
AA.VII.C.S6 Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available glide
distance.
AA.VII.C.S7 Establish a proper flight path to the selected landing area.
AA.VII.C.S8 Complete emergency checklist items appropriate to the airplane in a timely manner and as
recommended by the manufacturer or operator.
AA.VII.C.S9 Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Task D. Inflight Powerplant(s) Failure and Restart (AMEL, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
inflight powerplant failure and restart procedures, if applicable, in a multiengine airplane.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.D.K1 Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering the airplane with powerplant(s)
inoperative, including the importance of drag reduction.
AA.VII.D.K2 Powerplant restart procedures and conditions where a restart attempt is appropriate.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.D.R1 Powerplant(s) failure.
AA.VII.D.R2 Methods for handling a powerplant failure or a powerplant restart.
AA.VII.D.R3 Diagnosis of the cause of the powerplant failure.
AA.VII.D.R4 Collision hazards.
AA.VII.D.R5 Configuring the airplane.
AA.VII.D.R6 Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control with an inflight
powerplant failure.
AA.VII.D.R7 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.D.S1 Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and
maintain positive airplane control.
AA.VII.D.S2 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and
checklist(s) for propeller feathering or powerplant shutdown.
AA.VII.D.S3 Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to
maintain best performance, and trim as required.
AA.VII.D.S4 Determine the cause for the powerplant(s) failure and if a restart is a viable option.
53Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VII.D.S5 Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.
AA.VII.D.S6 Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, headings ±10°, as specified by the evaluator and
within the airplane’s capability.
AA.VII.D.S7 Consider a powerplant restart and, if appropriate, demonstrate the powerplant restart procedures in
accordance with the manufacturer or operator specified procedures and checklists.
AA.VII.D.S8 Select the nearest suitable airport or landing area.
AA.VII.D.S9 Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Task E. Approach and Landing with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
approach and landing with a powerplant failure in a multiengine airplane.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.E.K1 Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering to a landing with inoperative
powerplant(s).
AA.VII.E.K2 Go-around/rejected landing procedures with a powerplant failure.
AA.VII.E.K3 How to determine a suitable airport.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.E.R1 Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.
AA.VII.E.R2 Collision hazards.
AA.VII.E.R3 Configuring the airplane.
AA.VII.E.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VII.E.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.E.R6 Performing a go-around/rejected landing with a powerplant failure.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.E.S1 Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and
maintain positive airplane control.
AA.VII.E.S2 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and
checklist(s) for simulated propeller feathering or simulated powerplant shutdown.
AA.VII.E.S3 Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as
recommended by the manufacturer.
AA.VII.E.S4 Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.
AA.VII.E.S5 Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
54Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VII.E.S6 Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired
airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.
AA.VII.E.S7 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, ±5 knots, and adjust
pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.VII.E.S8 Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and
landing.
AA.VII.E.S9 Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AA.VII.E.S10 Touch down at the appropriate speed and pitch attitude at the runway aiming point markings
-250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold
of the runway (AMEL).
AA.VII.E.S11 During round out and touchdown contact the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond
a specified point. In addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of the water landing
area.
AA.VII.E.S12 Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as
appropriate, to come to a stop.
AA.VII.E.S13 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete after landing checklists.
Task F. Precision Approach (Manually Flown) with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal
Procedures Publications
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
precision approach (manually flown) with a powerplant failure in a multiengine airplane.
ote: N See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.F.K1 Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering to a landing with inoperative
powerplant(s).
AA.VII.F.K2 Missed approach considerations with a powerplant failure.
AA.VII.F.K3 How to determine a suitable airport.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.F.R1 Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.
AA.VII.F.R2 Collision hazards.
AA.VII.F.R3 Configuring the airplane.
AA.VII.F.R4 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VII.F.R5 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.F.R6 Landing with a powerplant failure.
AA.VII.F.R7 Missed approach with a powerplant failure.
55Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VII.F.R8 Maneuvering in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) with a powerplant failure.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.F.S1 Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and
maintain positive airplane control.
AA.VII.F.S2 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and
checklist(s) for simulated propeller feathering or simulated powerplant shutdown.
AA.VII.F.S3 Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as
recommended by the manufacturer.
AA.VII.F.S4 Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.
AA.VII.F.S5 Make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.VII.F.S6 Proceed toward the nearest suitable airport.
AA.VII.F.S7 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the approach and landing checklists.
AA.VII.F.S8 Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and
operating conditions.
AA.VII.F.S9 Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired
airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.
AA.VII.F.S10 Apply adjustments to the published decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) and visibility criteria
for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices to Air Missions
(NOTAMs), inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, inoperative visual aids associated with the
landing environment, etc.
AA.VII.F.S11 Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which
approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.
AA.VII.F.S12 Fly and maintain a stabilized approach, adjusting pitch and power as required, allowing no more than
¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications.
AA.VII.F.S13 Maintain a stabilized final approach from the final approach fix (FAF) to the DA/DH allowing no more
than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications and maintain the desired
airspeed ±5 knots.
AA.VII.F.S14 Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing
or missed approach.
AA.VII.F.S15 Upon reaching the DA/DH, immediately initiate the missed approach procedures if the required visual
references for the runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable (or if in a seaplane); or transition to
a normal landing approach only when the aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on
the runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.
AA.VII.F.S16 Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown or during the
missed approach.
Task G. Landing from a No Flap or a Nonstandard Flap Approach
eferences: R FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
no flap or a nonstandard flap approach and landing.
ote: N See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
56Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VII.G.K1 Airplane flight characteristics when flaps, leading edge devices, and other similar devices malfunction
or become inoperative.
AA.VII.G.K2 Other airplane system limitations when landing at a high speed.
AA.VII.G.K3 How to determine required landing distance and a suitable runway for landing.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VII.G.R1 Hazards associated with a no flap or nonstandard flap approach and landing, including an
asymmetrical flap situation.
AA.VII.G.R2 Selection of a runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.
AA.VII.G.R3 Wake turbulence.
AA.VII.G.R4 Go-around/rejected landing.
AA.VII.G.R5 Collision hazards.
AA.VII.G.R6 Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AA.VII.G.R7 Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VII.G.S1 Identify the malfunction.
AA.VII.G.S2 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete applicable checklist(s) for the malfunction, approach,
and landing.
AA.VII.G.S3 Communicate with ATC as needed and select an airport/runway with sufficient length for landing.
AA.VII.G.S4 Calculate the correct airspeeds/V-speeds for approach and landing.
AA.VII.G.S5 Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch
attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AA.VII.G.S6 Select a suitable touchdown point considering wind, landing surface, and obstructions.
AA.VII.G.S7 Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AA.VII.G.S8 Touch down at an acceptable point on the runway that is agreed upon between the applicant and the
evaluator. Touch down at the appropriate speed and pitch attitude at the agreed upon point -250/+500
feet. (ASEL, AMEL).
AA.VII.G.S9 Touch down at an acceptable point on the landing surface. During round out and touchdown contact
the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond a specified point (ASES, AMES). In
addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of the water landing area.
AA.VII.G.S10 Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as
appropriate, to come to a stop.
57Area of Operation VIII. Postflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Area of Operation VIII. Postflight Procedures
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (ASEL, AMEL)
eferences: R AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
after landing, parking, and securing procedures.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VIII.A.K1 Parking, shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
AA.VIII.A.K2 Documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
AA.VIII.A.R1 Activities and distractions.
AA.VIII.A.R2 [Archived]
AA.VIII.A.R3 Propeller, turbofan inlet, and exhaust safety.
AA.VIII.A.R4 Airport specific security procedures.
AA.VIII.A.R5 Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VIII.A.S1 Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
AA.VIII.A.S2 Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.VIII.A.S3 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) after clearing the runway.
AA.VIII.A.S4 Park at the gate or in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
AA.VIII.A.S5 Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
AA.VIII.A.S6 Secure the airplane.
Task B. Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES)
eferences: R AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
bjective: O To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
anchoring, docking, mooring, and ramping/beaching.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
AA.VIII.B.K1 Mooring.
AA.VIII.B.K2 Docking.
AA.VIII.B.K3 Anchoring.
AA.VIII.B.K4 Beaching/ramping.
Risk
Management: The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:
58Area of Operation VIII. Postflight Procedures
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
AA.VIII.B.R1 Activities and distractions.
AA.VIII.B.R2 [Archived]
AA.VIII.B.R3 Propeller, turbofan inlet, and exhaust safety.
AA.VIII.B.R4 Airport/seaplane base security procedures.
AA.VIII.B.R5 Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
Skills: The applicant exhibits the skill to:
AA.VIII.B.S1 Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
AA.VIII.B.S2 If anchoring, select a suitable area considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and
weather changes. Use an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to
ensure the seaplane’s security.
AA.VIII.B.S3 If not anchoring, approach the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in the proper direction and at a safe
speed, considering water depth, tide, current, and wind.
AA.VIII.B.S4 Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AA.VIII.B.S5 If anchoring/mooring/beaching, secure the seaplane considering the effects of wind, waves, and
changes in water level; if ramping, comply with appropriate ground movement procedures.
AA.VIII.B.S6 Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
59Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Eligibility Requirements for an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate
The prerequisite requirements and general eligibility for a practical test and the specific requirements for the issuance of an
ATP Certificate in the airplane category can be found in 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.39(a) and 61.153.
In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.39, the applicant must pass the airman knowledge test before taking the
practical test, if applicable to the certificate or rating sought.
Additional regulations in 14 CFR part 61 outline requirements for an ATP Certificate or the addition of an aircraft type rating.
Some key sections include:
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.63 for endorsement and training record requirements for an applicant seeking an
airplane type rating to be added to an airman certificate (other than an ATP Certificate).
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.155 for knowledge areas for ATP applicants.
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.156 for training for applicants seeking a multiengine ATP Certificate.
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.157 for the endorsement and training record requirements for an applicant seeking
an airplane type rating to be added to an ATP certificate or for an airplane type rating to be concurrently
completed with the original issuance of an ATP certificate.
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.159 for aeronautical experience needed for an ATP Certificate in the airplane
category;
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.160 for the eligibility requirements for a multiengine ATP certificate with restricted
privileges with reduced aeronautical experience. It also specifies the limitations that must be placed on the ATP
certificate if the applicant uses this section to qualify for the certificate.
• 14 CFR part 61, section 61.165 for the addition of an airplane category or class rating to an ATP Certificate.
Applicants must pass the appropriate knowledge test listed in the table below as a prerequisite for the ATP practical test in
the airplane category.
Test
Code Test NameNumber of
Questions AgeAllotted
TimePassing
Score
ATS Airline Transport Pilot Single-Engine Airplane 90 21 3.0 70
ATM Airline Transport Pilot Multiengine Airplane 125 18 4.0 70
Use of the ACS During a Practical Test
The practical test is conducted in accordance with the ACS and FAA regulations that are current as of the date of the test.
The Areas of Operation in this ACS align with the Areas of Operation found in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.157(e). Each
Area of Operation includes Tasks appropriate to that Area of Operation. Each Task contains an Objective stating what
the applicant must know, consider, and/or do. The ACS then lists the aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and skill
elements relevant to the specific Task, along with the conditions and standards for acceptable performance. The ACS uses
Notes to emphasize special considerations.
During the ground and flight portion of the practical test, the FAA expects evaluators to assess the applicant's mastery
of the topic in accordance with the level of learning most appropriate for the specified Task. The oral questioning will
continue throughout the entire practical test. For some topics, the evaluator will ask the applicant to describe or explain.
For other items, the evaluator will assess the applicant's understanding by providing a scenario that requires the applicant
to appropriately apply and/or correlate knowledge, experience, and information to the circumstances of the given scenario.
The flight portion of the practical test requires the applicant to demonstrate knowledge, risk management, flight proficiency,
and operational skill in accordance with the ACS.
The elements within each Task in this ACS are coded according to a scheme that includes four components. For example,
AA.I.A.K2:
AA = Applicable ACS
60Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
I = Area of Operation
A = Task
K2 = Task element (in this example, Knowledge 2)
There is no requirement for an evaluator to test every knowledge and risk management element in a Task; rather the evaluator
has discretion to sample as needed to ensure the applicant’s mastery of that Task. The required minimum elements to be
tested from each applicable Task include:
• any elements in which the applicant was shown to be deficient on the knowledge test, as applicable;
• at least one knowledge element;
• at least one risk management element; and
• all skill elements unless otherwise noted.
The Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR) lists ACS codes that correlate to a specific Task element for a given Area of
Operation for any incorrect responses on the knowledge test.
Knowledge and risk management elements are primarily evaluated during the knowledge testing phase of the airman
certification process. The evaluator administering the practical test has the discretion to combine Tasks/elements as
appropriate to testing scenarios.
Unless otherwise noted in the Task, the evaluator must test each item in the skills section by observing the applicant perform
each one. As safety of flight conditions permit, the evaluator should use questions during flight to test knowledge and risk
management elements not evident in the demonstrated skills. To the greatest extent practicable, evaluators should test the
applicant’s ability to apply and correlate information and use rote questions only when they are appropriate for the material
being tested.
If the Task includes a knowledge or risk element with sub-elements, the evaluator may choose the primary element and
select at least one sub-element to satisfy the requirement. Selection of the sub-element satisfies the requirement for one
element unless otherwise noted.
For example, an evaluator who chooses AA.I.B.K3 may select a sub-element such as AA.I.B.K3a to satisfy the requirement
to select one knowledge element
The References for each Task indicate the source material for Task elements. For example, in the Task element “Acceptable
weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and
arrival phases of flight such as:” (AA.I.C.K2), the applicant should be prepared for questions on any weather product
presented in the references for that Task.
The abbreviation(s) within parentheses immediately following a Task refer to the category and/or class aircraft appropriate
to that Task. Those tasks that have the ATP abbreviation in parenthesis within the Task title (e.g., Weather Information
(ATP)) are required for an ATP practical test, but are not required for a type rating only practical test. The meaning of each
abbreviation is as follows.
• ATP—ATP Certificate only
• ASEL—Airplane – Single-Engine Land
• ASES—Airplane – Single-Engine Sea
• AMEL—Airplane – Multiengine Land
• AMES—Airplane – Multiengine Sea
ote: N When administering a test, the Tasks appropriate to the class airplane (ASEL, ASES, AMEL, or AMES) used for
the test must be included in the plan of action.
The FAA encourages applicants and instructors to use the ACS when preparing for the airman knowledge tests and practical
tests. Evaluators must conduct the practical test in accordance with the current ACS and FAA regulations pursuant to 14
CFR part 61, section 61.43. If an applicant is entitled to credit for Areas of Operation previously passed as indicated on a
Notice of Disapproval of Application or Letter of Discontinuance, evaluators shall use the ACS currently in effect on the date
of the test.
The ground portion of the practical test allows the evaluator to determine whether the applicant is sufficiently prepared to
advance to the flight portion of the practical test. The applicant must pass the ground portion of the practical test before
beginning the flight portion. The oral questioning will continue throughout the entire practical test.
61Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Instructor Responsibilities
The instructor trains and qualifies the applicant to meet the established standards for knowledge, risk management, and skill
elements in all Tasks appropriate to the certificate and rating sought. The instructor should use this ACS and its references
when preparing the applicant to take the practical test and when retraining the applicant to proficiency in any subject(s)
missed on the knowledge test.
Evaluator Responsibilities
An evaluator includes the following:
• Aviation Safety Inspector (ASI);
• Pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners);
• Training center evaluator (TCE);
• Chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, or check instructor of pilot school holding examining authority; or
• Instrument Flight Instructor (CFII) conducting an instrument proficiency check (IPC).
The evaluator who conducts the practical test verifies the applicant has met the aeronautical experience requirements
specified for a certificate or rating before administering the test. During the practical test, the evaluator determines whether
the applicant meets the established standards of aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and skills for the Tasks in the
appropriate ACS.
The evaluator must develop a plan of action (POA) that includes all required Areas of Operation and Tasks and administer
each practical test in English. The POA must include scenario(s) that evaluate as many of the required Areas of Operation
and Tasks as possible. As a scenario unfolds during the test, the evaluator will introduce problems and simulate emergencies
that test the applicant’s ability. The evaluator has the discretion to modify the POA to accommodate unexpected situations
as they arise or suspend and later resume a scenario to assess certain Tasks.
Prior to and throughout the evaluation, the evaluator ensures the applicant meets the FAA Aviation English Language
Standard (AELS). An applicant must be able to communicate in English in a discernible and understandable manner with
air traffic control (ATC), pilots, and others involved in preparing an aircraft for flight and operating an aircraft in flight.
This communication may or may not involve radio communications. An applicant for an FAA certificate or rating issued in
accordance with 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, or 107 who cannot hear or speak due to a medical deficiency may be eligible for
an FAA certificate with specific operational limitations.
If the applicant’s ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question before starting the practical test, the evaluator will not
begin the practical test. An evaluator other than an ASI will check the box, “Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language
Standard Determination,” located on the bottom of page 2 of the applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/
or Rating Application, or FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application - Sport Pilot, as applicable. The
evaluator will refer the applicant to the appropriate Flight Standards Office (FSO).
If the applicant’s ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question after the practical test begins, an evaluator who other
than an ASI will discontinue the practical test and check the box, “Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard
Determination,” on the application. The evaluator will also issue FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval of Application,
with the comment “Does Not Demonstrate FAA AELS” in addition to any unsatisfactory Task(s). The evaluator will refer the
applicant to the appropriate FSO. ASIs conducting the practical test may assess an applicant’s English language proficiency
in accordance with FAA Order 8900.1.
In either case, the evaluator must complete and submit the application file through normal application procedures and
evaluators other than an ASI notify the appropriate FSO of the referral.
If the ability of an FAA certificated airman comes into question prior to or during a required regulatory check (e.g., proficiency
check) the evaluator other than an ASI will not continue the check or provide an endorsement indicating completion. The
evaluator will refer the airman to the jurisdictional FAA field office for further determination of ability to meet the FAA AELS.
For additional information, reference AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate issued under 14
CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107, as amended.
Possible Outcomes of the Test
A practical test has three possible outcomes: (1) Temporary Airman Certificate (satisfactory), (2) Notice of Disapproval of
Application (unsatisfactory), or (3) Letter of Discontinuance.
62Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator must require the applicant
to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. This provision does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repetition of an
unsatisfactory Task is permitted during the practical test.
Satisfactory Performance
Refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43, for satisfactory performance requirements.
Satisfactory performance will result in the issuance of a temporary certificate.
Depending upon the pilot flight crew complement required for the test, the pilot is expected to demonstrate competence in
crew resource management in an operation or airplane certificated for more than one required pilot crewmember, or single-
pilot competence in an operation or airplane that is certificated for single-pilot operations.
If a successful check is conducted under an operator’s approved training and checking program, it is considered to have
met the flight proficiency requirements of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.157(f) for the issuance of an ATP certificate and an
appropriate rating. An evaluator that conducts ATP certificate evaluations in accordance with an approved 91K, part 121, or
part 135 training and checking program is not required to use this document.
Unsatisfactory Performance
If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards for any Task, the applicant fails the Task
and associated Area of Operation and the evaluator issues a Notice of Disapproval of Application. The evaluator lists the
Area(s) of Operation in which the applicant did not meet the standard, any Area(s) of Operation not tested, and the number
of practical test failures. The evaluator should also list the Tasks failed or Tasks not tested within any unsatisfactory or
partially completed Area(s) of Operation. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c)-(f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance
requirements and parameters.
Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification include:
• Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires corrective intervention by the evaluator to maintain safe
flight.
• Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing
maneuvers.
• Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the skill elements of the Task.
• Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded.
• Failure to exercise risk management.
The evaluator or the applicant may end the test if the applicant fails a Task. The evaluator may continue the test only with
the consent of the applicant. The applicant receives credit only for those Areas of Operation and the associated Tasks
performed satisfactorily.
Letter of Discontinuance
Refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(e)(2) for conditions to issue a letter of discontinuance.
If discontinuing a practical test for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, illness),
the evaluator must return all test paperwork to the applicant. The evaluator must prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of
Discontinuance that lists those Areas of Operation the applicant successfully completed and the time period remaining to
complete the test to receive credit for previously completed Areas of Operation. The evaluator should advise the applicant to
present the Letter of Discontinuance to the evaluator when the practical test resumes in order to receive credit for the items
successfully completed. The Letter of Discontinuance becomes part of the applicant's certification file.
Time Limit and Credit after a Discontinued Practical Test
Refer to 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.39(f) and 61.43(f) after issuance of a Letter of Discontinuance or Notice of Disapproval
of Application.
63Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
ATP Certificate Task Table
Each column title in the table below identifies the airplane category and class rating sought on the ATP certificate. This
table applies to initial ATP applicants and applicants seeking additional ratings. The evaluator must evaluate the applicant
in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the table below. The evaluator has the discretion to evaluate the applicant’s
competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks.
Area of
OperationAirplane Single-
Engine – LandaAirplane Single-
Engine – SeaaAirplane
Multiengine – LandbAirplane
Multiengine – Seab,c
I A,B,C,F,G A,B,C,F,G,H A,B,C,D,E,F,G All
II A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E
III A,B,I,J All A,B,I,J All
IV All All All All
V All All All All
VI All All All All
VII A,B,C,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,D,E,F,G
VIII A B A B
a. An applicant with qualifications other than a commercial pilot certificate in the airplane category and a
single- engine class rating who applies for an ATP certificate in the airplane category with a single-engine
class rating (ASEL or ASES) must also demonstrate the following Tasks based upon the applicant’s
qualifications at the time of the ATP practical test:
• If the applicant has not completed a commercial practical test in a single-engine airplane,
evaluators must test the Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing Task in accordance with
the Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended), Area of Operation
IV, Task M. (Ref. 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.153 and 61.165(b) and (e)).
• If the applicant does not hold an airman certificate with an airplane single-engine class rating,
evaluators must test both the Forward Slip to the Landing Task in accordance with the Private
Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6 as amended), Area of Operation IV, Task M and
a Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing Task, Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category
ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7 as amended), Area of Operation IV, Task M. (Ref. 14 CFR part 61, sections
61.153 and 61.165(b) and (e)).
b. If an applicant does not hold an airplane multiengine class rating on his or her current pilot certificate,
or current airplane multiengine rating or multiengine type rating on a foreign license, evaluators must
test the Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative Task and the VMC Demonstration Task in accordance
with the Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended), Area of Operation
X, Tasks A and B. Note that holding an second-in-command (SIC) pilot type rating does not remove this
testing requirement.
c. When adding the Airplane Multiengine Sea Rating to an existing ATP Airplane Multiengine Land
Certificate, the applicant may supply a seaplane without propeller feathering capability and perform
simulated propeller feathering during the practical test.
64Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Addition of a Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate and Proficiency Check Requirements
In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.63 and 61.157, the table below identifies the Tasks required for the category
and class of type rating sought. No Task credit exists for an SIC pilot type rating issued in accordance with 14 CFR part 61,
section 61.55.
ote: N Available type ratings can be located in FAA Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 19 .
In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.58(d)(1), the table below also identifies the Tasks required for a proficiency
check.
Area of
OperationAirplane Single-
Engine – LandAirplane
Multiengine –LandAirplane Single-
Engine – SeaAirplane
Multiengine –Sea
I A,B A,B A,B,H A,B,H
II A,B,C,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,D,E
III A,B,I,J A,B,I,J All All
IV All All All All
V All All All All
VI All All All All
VII A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G
VIII A A B B
Addition of a VFR Only Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate
Refer to 14 CFR section 61.63(e) or section 61.157(g), as applicable. An applicant may add a type rating to a pilot certificate
for an airplane type not capable of instrument flight without performing Tasks by reference to instruments during the practical
test. This results in a “VFR only” limitation for the type rating on the pilot certificate. The following table identifies the Tasks
required for the category and class of type rating sought. Each column title identifies the class of the type rating sought on
an existing pilot certificate.
Area of
OperationAirplane
Multiengine –LandAirplane Single-
Engine – LandAirplane
Multiengine –SeaAirplane Single-
Engine – Sea
I A,B A,B A,B,H A,B,H
II A,B,C,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,D,E
III A,B,I,J A,B,I,J All All
IV All All All All
V All All All All
VI None None None None
VII A,B,D,E,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,G A,B,C,G
VIII A A B B
ote: N The Tasks listed above that are normally required to be performed by reference to instruments would be conducted
using visual references for the purposes of a VFR only type rating.
65Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Removal of the “Second in Command Required” Limitation from a Type Rating
A pilot, who holds an airplane type rating with a “Second-In-Command Required” Limitation, may test to remove the limitation
and receive an unrestricted type rating. During the practical test, the pilot must demonstrate single-pilot competency in the
Areas of Operation and Tasks listed below.
Area of
OperationAirplane
Multiengine –
Land TasksAirplane
Multiengine –
Sea Tasks
I None None
II A,B,C,E A,B,D,E
III A,B,I,J All
IV B,C B,C
V None None
VI All All
VII A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,D,E,F,G
VIII A B
Removal of Circle-to-Land Limitation on an ATP Certificate or Type Rating
A pilot may receive a circle-to-land limitation through an approved air carrier training and checking program restricting a
circling approach to visual meteorological conditions (VMC) only. Depending on pilot qualifications the limitation may apply
to the ATP pilot certificate, associated type rating(s), or both. In order to remove a circling limitation, the applicant must be
tested by a qualified evaluator on Tasks G and H of Area of Operation VI within this ACS.
This restriction, “ATP CIRC APCH VMC ONLY,” may be removed from the ATP certificate upon completion of an evaluation
of the circling maneuver tasks in an airplane representative of the class held on the applicant’s ATP certificate. The airplane
used does not have to be type-specific, but must reflect a class of airplane for which the pilot has ATP privileges. The
limitation removal may involve training depending on the airplane used.
For removal of the circle-to-land limitation pertaining to a specific airplane type rating, the airplane used for the test must
represent the airplane type to which the restriction applies. Removal of a circle-to-land limitation from a type rating will also
remove the limitation, “ATP CIRC APCH VMC ONLY” (if applicable). However, the circle-to-land limitation will remain on any
other type rating(s) the pilot holds with a limitation until the pilot has been tested in that specific aircraft type for the removal
of the limitation.
ote: N The requirements for the removal of the circle-to-land limitation(s) may be completed in an FSTD if conducted in
accordance with an approved training program.
Airplane Multiengine Land Limited to Center Thrust
When conducting a practical test for a pilot that has not previously demonstrated competence in a multiengine airplane with
a published VMC, or when removing the center thrust limitation from the AMEL rating, the evaluator must test the applicant on
the following Areas of Operation and Tasks from the Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-
S-ACS-11, as amended) and Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended) in a multiengine
airplane that has a manufacturer’s published VMC speed. This speed can be found on the type certificate data sheet (TCDS)
or in the AFM. If the limitation will be removed under part 121, 135, or 142, it must be done in accordance with an approved
curriculum or training program.
66Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11 as amended)
Area of Operation Required Tasks
III I
VII B,D,E
Commercial Pilot –for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7 as amended)
Area of Operation Required Tasks
X A,B
67Appendix 2: Safety of Flight
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Appendix 2: Safety of Flight
General
Safety of flight must be the prime consideration at all times. The evaluator, applicant, and crew must be continually alert
for other traffic. If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopardize safety, the
evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate that portion of the maneuver. The evaluator will assess the applicant’s use of
visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures throughout the entire test.
Stall and Spin Awareness
During flight training and testing, the applicant and the instructor or evaluator must always recognize and avoid operations
that could lead to an inadvertent stall or spin and inadvertent loss of control.
Use of Checklists
Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist.
Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should determine whether the
applicant demonstrates CRM, appropriately divides attention, and uses proper visual scanning. In some situations, reading
the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases, the evaluator should assess the applicant's performance
of published or recommended immediate action “memory” items along with their review of the appropriate checklist once
conditions permit.
In a single-pilot aircraft, the applicant should demonstrate the crew resource management (CRM) principles described
as single-pilot resource management (SRM). Proper use depends on the specific Task being evaluated. If the use of the
checklist while accomplishing elements of an Objective would be either unsafe or impractical in a single-pilot operation, the
applicant should review the checklist after accomplishing the elements.
Positive Exchange of Flight Controls
A clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft must exist. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing
that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls.
The FAA recommends a positive three-step process for exchanging flight controls between pilots:
• When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight
controls.”
• The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.”
• The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls,” and visually confirms the exchange.
Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test.
The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. Doubt as to who is
flying the aircraft should not occur.
Use of Distractions
Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases
of flight. The evaluator should incorporate realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the
pilot’s situational awareness and ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and outside
the flight deck.
Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot Resource
Management
Throughout the practical test, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s ability to use sound aeronautical decision-making
procedures in order to identify hazards and mitigate risk. The evaluator must accomplish this requirement by reference
to the risk management elements of the given Task(s), and by developing scenarios that incorporate and combine Tasks
appropriate to assessing the applicant’s risk management in making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the evaluator
68Appendix 2: Safety of Flight
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance planning.
In assessing the applicant’s performance, the evaluator should take note of the applicant’s use of CRM and, if appropriate,
SRM. CRM/SRM is the set of competencies that includes situational awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task
allocation, and decision-making within a comprehensive framework of standard operating procedures (SOP). SRM
specifically refers to the management of all resources onboard the aircraft, as well as outside resources available to the
single pilot.
An evaluator, other than an FAA Inspector, qualified as a safety pilot, and current in the specific make and model aircraft
certified for two or more crewmembers may occupy a duty position. If occupying a duty position on an aircraft that requires
two or more crewmembers, the evaluator must fulfill the duties of that position. Moreover, when occupying a required
duty position, the evaluator must perform CRM functions as briefed and requested by the applicant except during the
accomplishment of steep turns, approach to stalls, and recovery from unusual attitudes. During these Tasks the applicant
must demonstrate the ability to control the aircraft without the intervention from the pilot monitoring. However, for aircraft
requiring only one pilot, the evaluator may not assist the applicant in the management of the aircraft, radio communications,
tuning and identifying navigational equipment, or using navigation charts.
Multiengine Considerations
For safety reasons, when the practical test is conducted in an airplane, the applicant must perform Tasks that require
powerplant shutdown or propeller feathering only under conditions and at a position and altitude where it is possible to
make a safe landing on an established airport if there is difficulty in restarting the powerplant or unfeathering the propeller.
The evaluator must select an entry altitude that will allow the Powerplant Failure Tasks to be completed no lower than 3,000
feet AGL or the manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher. If it is not possible to restart the powerplant or
unfeather the propeller while airborne, the applicant and the evaluator should treat the situation as an emergency.
At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet AGL, powerplant failure should be simulated as recommended by the manufacturer.
For propeller-driven airplanes, powerplant failure should be simulated by reducing throttle to idle and then establishing
zero thrust. For additional Task considerations, see Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations, Area of Operation III, Takeoffs and Landings, Task I. Rejected Takeoff, and the powerplant failure Tasks in Area
of Operation VII. Emergency Operations.
Except for a type rating practical test, for an airplane equipped with propellers (including turboprop), the applicant must
feather one propeller and shut down an engine unless the manufacturer prohibits it. However, if an applicant has not
previously demonstrated multiengine airplane tasks for the commercial pilot certificate, the applicant cannot use a propeller-
equipped airplane where the manufacturer prohibits feathering for the initial ATP multiengine airplane certificate. If the
practical test is conducted in an airplane that requires the pilot to hold a type rating, the applicant may perform a simulated
powerplant failure. In all other cases, the applicant must feather and unfeather the propeller while airborne.
Practical tests conducted in an FSTD can only be accomplished as part of an approved curriculum or training program. Any
limitations on powerplant failure will be noted in that program. In addition, an evaluator may reference an airplane’s FSB
report, which may include other safety related considerations for performing specific tasks.
Single-Engine Considerations
For safety reasons, the evaluator will not request a simulated powerplant failure in a single-engine airplane unless it is
possible to safely complete a landing.
For airplanes that have an FSB Report, reference it for any other safety related considerations in performing specific tasks.
High-Performance Airplane Considerations
In some high performance airplanes, the power setting may have to be reduced below the suggested power setting in this
ACS to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes greater than 30° nose up.
69Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Aircraft Requirements & Limitations
If the aircraft has inoperative equipment and can be operated in accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.213, it must
be determined if any inoperative instruments or equipment are required to complete the practical test. The inoperative
equipment must not interfere with practical test requirements.
Multiengine practical tests require normal engine shutdowns and restarts in the air, to include propeller feathering and
unfeathering. The Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) must not prohibit these procedures, but low power settings for cooling
periods prior to the actual shutdown in accordance with the AFM are acceptable and encouraged. For a type rating in an
airplane not certificated with inflight unfeathering capability, a simulated powerplant failure is acceptable.
Equipment Requirements & Limitations
The aircraft must meet the requirements as outlined in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.45.
To assist in management of the aircraft during the practical test, the applicant is expected to demonstrate automation
management skills by utilizing installed, available, or airborne equipment such as autopilot, avionics and systems displays,
and/or a flight management system (FMS). The evaluator is expected to test the applicant’s knowledge of the systems that
are available or installed and operative during both the ground and flight portions of the practical test. If the applicant has
trained using a portable electronic flight bag (EFB) to display charts and data and wishes to use the EFB during the practical
test, the applicant is expected to demonstrate appropriate knowledge, risk management, and skill appropriate to its use.
If the practical test involves maneuvering the aircraft solely by reference to instruments, the applicant is required by 14 CFR
part 61, section 61.45(d)(2) to provide an appropriate view limiting device acceptable to the Administrator. The applicant
and the evaluator should establish a procedure as to when and how this device should be donned and removed and brief
this procedure before the flight. This device must prevent the applicant from having visual reference outside the aircraft,
but it must not restrict the evaluator’s ability to see and avoid other traffic. The use of the device does not apply to specific
elements within a Task when there is a requirement for visual references.
If a type rating practical test is given in an amphibious airplane, the type rating must bear the limitation “Limited to Land” or
“Limited to Sea,” as appropriate, unless the applicant demonstrates proficiency in both land and sea operations.
Use of Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD)
Applicants for a pilot certificate or rating can accomplish all or part of a practical test or proficiency check in an FSTD qualified
under 14 CFR part 60, which includes full flight simulators (FFS) or flight training devices (FTD), only when conducted within
an FAA-approved training program. Each operational rule part identifies additional requirements for the approval and use of
FSTDs in an FAA-approved training program.
Credit for Pilot Time in an FSTD
14 CFR part 61 and part 141 specify the minimum experience requirements for each certificate or rating sought. 14 CFR part
61 and the appendices to part 141 specify the maximum amount of FFS or FTD flight training time an applicant can apply
toward those experience requirements.
Use of Aviation Training Devices (ATD)
Applicants for a pilot certificate or rating cannot use an ATD to accomplish a practical test, a 14 CFR part 61, section 61.58
proficiency check, or the flight portion of a 14 CFR part 61, section 61.57 flight review. An ATD is defined in 14 CFR part 61,
section 61.1.
The FAA’s General Aviation and Commercial Division evaluates and approves ATDs as permitted under 14 CFR part 61,
section 61.4(c) and FAA Order 8900.1. Each ATD is then issued an FAA letter of authorization (LOA) that is valid for 60
calendar months. The LOA for each ATD lists the pilot time credit allowances and associated limitations.
The Pilot Training and Certification Group public website provides a list of the FAA-approved ATDs and the associated
manufacturer.
70Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Credit for Pilot Time in an ATD
14 CFR part 61 and part 141 specify the minimum experience requirements for each certificate or rating sought. 14 CFR
part 61 and the appendices to part 141 specify the maximum amount of ATD flight training time an applicant can apply
toward those experience requirements. The LOA for each FAA-approved ATD lists the pilot time credit allowances and the
associated limitations.
Evaluators must request an applicant to provide a copy of the manufacturer's LOA when using ATD flight training time credit
to meet the minimum experience requirements for an airman pilot certificate, rating, or privilege.
Operational Requirements, Limitations, & Task Information
The applicant must perform the tasks in Areas of Operation IV through VII in actual or simulated instrument conditions,
except for:
• Testing of elements that require visual maneuvering; or
• When the aircraft’s type certificate makes the aircraft incapable of operating under instrument flight rules (IFR).
See Appendix 1—Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes for required Tasks to be completed for a
VFR Only type rating.
I. Preflight Preparation
Task A. Operation of Systems
All certificates, ratings, and type ratings include testing this Task, which focuses on systems knowledge for the ATP certificate
and the type rating for the airplane brought to the test. The knowledge elements in Task A include a broad categorization of
airplane systems, and each element has examples of the content that the evaluator could ask about for the airplane brought
for the practical test. Although the examples are comprehensive, they are not necessarily all-inclusive. The applicant explains
an airplane’s systems and components as part of the oral portion of the practical test.
The evaluator may assess certain Skill elements in this Task during the oral portion of the practical test. The Skill elements
test an applicant’s systems knowledge based upon the aircraft provided in order to adequately evaluate the applicant’s
knowledge, understanding, and skill for the specific airplane systems, its components, checklists, and procedures.
Task B. Performance and Limitations
All certificates, ratings, and type ratings include testing this Task. When a practical test does not require an FAA airman
knowledge test (AKT), the evaluator selects at least one Knowledge element and should tailor the questions towards the
actual airplane provided for the practical test. If the applicant took and passed a required an AKT and missed any Knowledge
elements for this Task, the evaluator may ask general or airplane specific questions on performance charts, performance
calculations, and factors that affect airplane performance.
Evaluators may assess certain Skill elements in Task B during the oral portion of the practical test. For example, the Skill
elements test an applicant’s knowledge and understanding of aircraft performance and the ability to calculate weight and
balance specific to the aircraft provided.
Task C. Weather Information (ATP)
The applicant may use any risk assessment tool provided it allows for risk assessment and mitigation. This Task is not
required for aircraft type rating only applicants.
Task D. High Altitude Aerodynamics (ATP) (AMEL) (AMES)
The specific content in this Task is included in the training required for multiengine applicants in accordance with section
61.156 regardless of the multiengine airplane brought for the practical test. This Task is only required for applicants seeking
a multiengine class rating on the ATP certificate. This Task is not required for aircraft type rating only applicants. This Task
is also not required for applicants seeking an ATP certificate with a single-engine class rating (initial or add-on) or applicants
adding a single-engine airplane type rating to a pilot certificate.
71Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
Task E. Air Carrier Operations (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
The specific content in this Task is included in the training required for multiengine applicants in accordance with section
61.156 regardless of the multiengine airplane brought for the practical test. This Task is only required for applicants seeking
a multiengine class rating on the ATP certificate. This Task is not required for aircraft type rating only applicants. This Task
is also not required for applicants seeking an ATP certificate with a single-engine class rating (initial or add-on) or applicants
adding a single-engine airplane type rating to a pilot certificate.
Task F. Human Factors (ATP)
The ability to perform a self-assessment and determine fitness for flight applies to practical tests given in an airplane or a
flight simulation training device (FSTD). This Task is not required for aircraft type rating only applicants.
Task G. The Code of Federal Regulations (ATP)
The evaluator has discretion to choose a representative sampling of one or more rule parts. The single-engine airman
knowledge test covers part 14 CFR part 135, while a multiengine airplane airman knowledge tests covers 14 CFR parts 117
and 121. The practical test covers the relevant subparts listed in the elements applicable to the test taken. This Task is not
required for aircraft type rating only applicants.
II. Preflight Procedures
Task A. Preflight Assessment
The testing of Task A must occur prior to all other portions of the preflight procedures area of operation, and must be
completed prior to the flight portion of the practical test. A part 142 training curriculum may use a pictorial aircraft preflight
inspection program.
For a particular type of airplane with a Flight Engineer as a required crewmember, the evaluator may waive the actual visual
inspection and use an approved pictorial means that realistically portrays the location and detail of inspection items. On
airplanes requiring a flight engineer, an applicant must demonstrate satisfactory knowledge of the flight engineer functions
for the safe completion of the flight if the flight engineer becomes ill or incapacitated during a flight.
Task B. Powerplant Start
For practical tests in an airplane, evaluators may assess an applicant’s ability to respond to a powerplant start failure or
malfunction through scenario-based oral questioning.
Task E. Before Takeoff Checks
Each applicant must give a briefing before each takeoff. If the operator or aircraft manufacturer has not specified a briefing,
the briefing must cover the items appropriate for the conditions, such as: departure runway, departure procedure, power
settings, speeds, abnormal or emergency procedures prior to or after reaching decision speed (i.e., V1 or VMC), emergency
return intentions, and what the applicant expects other crewmembers to do during the takeoff/departure, if applicable. If
the applicant provides a satisfactory briefing before the first takeoff, the evaluator may allow the applicant to brief only the
changes, during the remainder of the test. For single-pilot operations, the applicant must verbalize the briefings.
III. Takeoffs and Landings
The applicant must make at least three actual landings with at least one to a full stop. The evaluator may combine Landing
Tasks where appropriate to include the Landing Tasks found in the Instrument Procedures Area of Operation and the
Emergency Operations Area of Operation.
Briefings
Each applicant must give a briefing before each takeoff and landing. If the operator, aircraft manufacturer, or training provider
has not specified a briefing, the briefing must cover the items appropriate for the conditions, such as: departure runway,
departure procedure, power settings, speeds, abnormal or emergency procedures prior to or after reaching decision speed
(i.e., V1 or VMC), emergency return intentions, go-around/rejected landing procedures, initial rate of descent, and what is
expected of the other crewmembers during the takeoff and landing. For single-pilot operations, the applicant must verbalize
72Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
the briefings. If the first takeoff and landing briefings are satisfactory, the evaluator may allow the applicant to brief only the
changes, during the remainder of the evaluation.
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb
A normal takeoff begins from a standing or rolling start (not from a touch-and-go) with all engines operating normally during
the takeoff and initial climb phase. For a flight test conducted in an airplane, evaluators may have very little control over
existing meteorological, airport, and traffic conditions. Evaluators should attempt to evaluate a takeoff on a runway not
favorably aligned with the prevailing wind, but may have no other option than to rely on the crosswind component that exists
on the active runway.
For takeoffs evaluated in a full flight simulator (FFS), the crosswind component entered in the instructor operating station
(IOS) should be between 10 and 15 knots. However, the evaluator has discretion to use a crosswind component greater
than 15 knots, but not above the crosswind component allowed by the operator’s aircraft operating manual or the maximum
demonstrated value given in the approved flight manual.
Task B. Normal Approach and Landing
The evaluator should test at least one of the required landings while the applicant manually controls the airplane in a
crosswind. When the flight test occurs in an airplane, evaluators may have very little control over existing meteorological,
airport, and traffic conditions. Evaluators should make a reasonable attempt to evaluate a landing on a runway not favorably
aligned with the prevailing wind, but may have no other option than to rely on the crosswind component that exists on the
active runway.
For landings evaluated in a full flight simulator (FFS), the crosswind component entered in the instructor operating station
(IOS) should be between 10 and 15 knots. However, the evaluator has discretion to use a crosswind component greater
than 15 knots, but not above the crosswind component allowed by the operator’s aircraft operating manual or the maximum
demonstrated value given in the approved AFM.
Task G. Confined-Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)
This Task simulates a takeoff from an area that would require a takeoff and spiral climb; or a straight-ahead takeoff and climb
from a narrow waterway with obstructions at either end. The evaluator must assess both takeoff situations for this Task.
In multiengine seaplanes or amphibians with VX values within 5 knots of VMC, the applicant and evaluator may brief using VY
or the manufacturer's recommendation if more appropriate for this demonstration.
Task H. Confined-Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
This Task simulates an approach and landing to a small pond, which would require a spiral approach, wings level landing,
and step turn upon landing; or a straight-ahead approach and landing to a narrow waterway with obstructions at either end.
The evaluator must evaluate both landing situations for this Task.
Task I. Rejected Takeoff
If completed in a multiengine airplane, the powerplant failure must be simulated before reaching 50 percent of VMC.
Task J. Go-Around/Rejected Landing
The instrument conditions need not be simulated below 100 feet above the runway. This maneuver should be initiated
approximately 50 feet above the runway or landing area and approximately over the runway threshold.
For those applicants seeking a VFR-only type rating and where this maneuver is accomplished with a simulated engine
failure, it should not be initiated at speeds or altitudes below that recommended in the AFM/POH.
Completion of this Task may count for one of the three required actual landings. Wheel contact with the runway is not
required.
73Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
IV. Inflight Maneuvers
Task A. Steep Turns
The applicant must demonstrate his or her ability to control the airplane manually without any intervention from the pilot
monitoring, if applicable, or the evaluator. Use of available aircraft instrumentation is acceptable.
This Task is to be conducted by reference to instruments. If IFR, the pilots should be situationally aware of location and any
potential traffic.
For a VFR-only type rating, this Task will be performed in visual conditions and the pilot should clear the area of traffic prior
to beginning the maneuver; AA.IV.A.S3 would not be required to be by reference to instruments.
Task C. Specific Flight Characteristics
The evaluator only tests this Task if the airplane has specific flight characteristics identified in the Flight Standardization
Board Report (FSBR).
V. Stall Prevention
The applicant must demonstrate the ability to control the aircraft without the intervention from the pilot monitoring, if applicable.
When testing Tasks A, B, and C, one stall must be induced while in a turn with a bank angle of 15-30 degrees; and, one
stall should be induced by commands to the autopilot, if installed. In addition, these Tasks should be accomplished by
reference to flight instruments. For a VFR only type rating, however, the Tasks should be accomplished in visual conditions.
When conducted in the airplane and when necessary for operational considerations, the applicant should limit power
application in accordance with the evaluator’s instructions.
An impending stall means the same as an approach-to-stall or the first indication of a stall. As noted in AC 120-109 (as
amended), an impending stall occurs when the angle of attack causes a stall warning. In accordance with aircraft certification
standards, a stall warning must be furnished by inherent aerodynamics (e.g., buffet) or an acceptable stall warning device
(e.g., stick shaker). The intent of the Task is evaluate recognition of the stall warning and execution of the proper stall
recovery procedure. Other warnings, cautions, or alerts that do not meet the definition of a stall warning, such as a low
airspeed warning, cannot be used as an indication of an impending stall for completion of these stall Tasks
Evaluation criteria for a recovery from an impending stall must not mandate a predetermined value for altitude loss and must
not mandate maintaining altitude during recovery. Valid evaluation criteria must take into account the multitude of external
(such as density altitude) and internal variables (e.g., aircraft mass, drag configuration and powerplant response time) which
affect the recovery altitude.
Reference the airplane flight manual or FSBR, if available, for any aircraft-specific considerations concerning stalls.
Task A. Partial Flap Configuration Stall Prevention
When accomplished in a flight simulation training device (FSTD), the entry should be consistent with the expected operational
environment for a stall on takeoff or while on approach in a partial flap configuration with no minimum entry altitude defined.
Task B. Clean Configuration Stall Prevention
When accomplished in an FSTD, the entry should be consistent with the expected operational environment for a stall in
cruise flight with no minimum entry altitude defined.
Task C. Landing Configuration Stall Prevention
When accomplished in an FSTD, the entry should be consistent with the expected operational environment for a stall when
fully configured for landing with no minimum entry altitude defined.
74Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
VI. Instrument Procedures
Briefings
Each applicant must give a briefing before each takeoff/departure and approach/landing. If the operator, aircraft manufacturer,
or training provider has not specified a briefing, the briefing must cover the items appropriate for the conditions, such as:
departing/landing runway, departure/arrival procedure, instrument approach procedure, power settings, speeds, missed
approach procedures, final approach fix, altitude at final approach fix, initial rate of descent, decision attitude (DA)/decision
height (DH)/minimum descent altitude (MDA), time to missed approach, and expectations of the other crewmembers during
the approach/landing when in a crew situation. If the applicant provides satisfactory initial takeoff/departure and approach/
landing briefings, the evaluator may allow the applicant to brief only the changes, during the remainder of the test. For
single-pilot operations, the applicant will verbalize the briefings.
Stabilized Approach Criteria
As used in this ACS, a stabilized approach includes the following components:
• Stable approach speed;
• Stable descent rate;
• Stable vertical flight path; and
• Departure from the final approach fix configured for landing, at the proper approach speed, power setting and
flightpath before descending below the minimum stabilized approach height (e.g., 1,000 feet above the airport
elevation and at a rate of descent no greater than 1,000 feet per minute unless specifically briefed).
Use of Area Navigation (RNAV) or Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Navigation System
For practical tests conducted in an aircraft equipped with an installed, instrument flight rules (IFR)-approved RNAV or
required navigational performance (RNP) system, or in a flight simulation training device (FSTD) equipped to replicate an
installed, IFR-approved RNAV or RNP system, the applicant must demonstrate approach proficiency using that system.
The applicant may use a suitable RNAV system on conventional procedures and routes as described in the Aeronautical
Information Manual (AIM) to accomplish ACS tasks on conventional approach procedures, as appropriate.
Vertical or Lateral Deviation Standard
The standard allows no more than a ¼ scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral deviation indications during the final
approach. As markings on flight instruments vary, a ¼ scale deflection of either vertical or lateral guidance is deemed to
occur when it is displaced ¼ of the distance that it may be deflected from the indication representing that the aircraft is on
the correct flight path.
Task A. Instrument Takeoff
The applicant must encounter Instrument conditions or simulated instrument flight at or before reaching an altitude of 100
feet above airport elevation. In a full flight simulator, the visibility value should be set to no greater than ¼ mile. The applicant
must have the ability to control the aircraft, including making the transition to instruments as visual cues deteriorate and can
plan and execute the transition to an instrument navigation environment.
Task D. Non-precision Approaches
A non-precision approach is a standard instrument approach procedure to a published minimum descent altitude without
approved vertical guidance. The applicant may use navigation systems that display advisory vertical guidance during non-
precision approach operations, if available.
The evaluator must select and the applicant must accomplish at least two different non-precision approaches in simulated
or actual instrument meteorological conditions:
• At least one procedure must include a course reversal maneuver (e.g., procedure turn, holding in lieu, or the
course reversal from an initial approach fix on a Terminal Area Arrival).
• The applicant must accomplish at least one procedure from an initial approach fix without the use of autopilot
and without the assistance of radar vectors. During this Task, flying without using the autopilot does not prevent
use of the yaw damper and flight director.
75Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
• The applicant must fly one procedure with reference to backup or partial panel instrumentation or navigation
display, depending on the aircraft’s instrument avionics configuration, representing a realistic failure mode(s) for
the equipment used.
The evaluator has discretion to have the applicant perform a landing or a missed approach at the completion of each
approach.
Task E. Precision Approaches
The applicant must accomplish at least two precision approaches in simulated or actual instrument meteorological conditions
to the decision altitude (DA) using aircraft navigational equipment for centerline and vertical guidance.
The applicant must fly at least one procedure without the use of an autopilot and the manually flown segment will begin
no later than the Final Approach Fix (FAF). Manually flown precision approaches may use raw data displays or the flight
director, at the discretion of the evaluator.
• The applicant should perform one precision approach with reference to backup or partial panel instrumentation
or navigation display, depending on the aircraft’s instrument avionics configuration, representing realistic failure
mode(s) for the equipment used.
• The applicant may fly at least one approach via the autopilot, if equipped, provided the DA/DH does not violate
the authorized minimum altitude for autopilot operation.
The evaluator has the discretion to have the applicant perform a landing or missed approach at the completion of each
precision approach.
Task F. Landing from a Precision Approach
For evaluations conducted in an airplane, if the applicant has flown the approach to a point where a safe landing and a
full stop could have been made but circumstances beyond the control of the applicant prevented an actual landing, the
evaluator may give credit for this Task. Credit may also be given for either Task I, Missed Approach or Area of Operation III,
Task J, Go-Around/Rejected Landing, provided the applicable Task criteria is met.
Task G. Circling Approach
The approach and landing scenario must include visual maneuvering from the final approach course to a base or downwind
leg, as appropriate, for the landing runway. The applicant may circle to land on a runway less than 90-degrees offset from
the final approach course provided the applicant makes at least 90-degrees of total heading change(s).
Refer to Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes, Circle-to-Land Limitation on an ATP Certificate
or Type Rating, for additional information regarding adding or removing this limitation.
Task H. Landing from a Circling Approach
For evaluations conducted in an airplane, if the applicant has flown the approach to a point where a safe landing and a
full stop could have been made but circumstances beyond the control of the applicant prevented an actual landing, the
evaluator may give credit for this Task. Credit may also be given for either Task I, Missed Approach or Area of Operation III,
Task J, Go-Around/Rejected Landing, provided the applicable Task criteria is met.
Refer to Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes, Circle-to-Land Limitation on an ATP Certificate
or Type Rating, for additional information regarding adding or removing this limitation.
Task I. Missed Approaches
The applicant must perform two missed approaches with at least one being from a precision approach and one consisting
of a published missed approach.
One complete published missed approach must be accomplished. Additionally, in multiengine airplanes, a missed approach
must be accomplished with one engine inoperative (or simulated inoperative). The engine failure may be experienced any
time prior to the initiation of the approach, during the approach, or during the transition to the missed approach attitude and
configuration.
Descending below the MDA or continuing a precision approach below DH/DA without the runway environment in sight
76Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
constitutes unsatisfactory performance. However, even if the applicant initiates a missed approach at the DA/DH, most
airplanes briefly descend below DA/DH due to the momentum of the airplane. This descent below DA/DH does not constitute
unsatisfactory performance, as long as the descent below the DA/DH does not continue.
VII. Emergency Operations
Task B. Powerplant Failure during Takeoff
In a multiengine airplane certificated with V1, VR, or V2 speeds, a simulated failure of the most critical powerplant should
occur at a point:
• after V1 and prior to V2, if appropriate under the prevailing conditions in the opinion of the evaluator; or
• as close as possible after V1 when V1 and V2 or V1 and VR are identical.
In a multiengine airplane certificated without V1, VR, or V2 speeds, the simulated failure of the most critical powerplant should
occur after reaching a minimum of VSSE. If accomplished in the aircraft, the evaluator should not introduce the simulated
powerplant failure at an altitude lower than 400 feet AGL. The evaluator should consider local atmospheric conditions,
terrain, and aircraft performance available when determining when to simulate the powerplant failure. Tests in an FSTD
have no minimum altitude for introducing the powerplant failure.
If a powerplant failure (simulated if in the airplane) occurs after becoming airborne and before reaching an altitude where a
safe turn can be made (ASEL, ASES) or the performance capabilities and operating limitations of the airplane will not allow
the climb to continue (AMEL, AMES) the applicant should establish a power-off descent approximately straight-ahead.
For a 14 CFR part 25 airplane or an airplane previously certificated as a commuter multiengine airplane under 14 CFR
part 23, historical section 23.3(d), if the (simulated) powerplant failure occurs at a point where the airplane can continue to
a specified airspeed and altitude at the end of the runway commensurate with the airplane’s performance capabilities and
operating limitations, the takeoff should be continued (AMEL, AMES).
If available, consult the FSB Report for any considerations in performing this Task in the airplane.
Task C. Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (ASEL, ASES)
No simulated powerplant failure will be given by the evaluator in an airplane when an actual touchdown cannot be safely
completed, should it become necessary.
Task D. Powerplant Failure and Restart Procedures (AMEL, AMES)
Refer to Appendix 2: Safety of Flight, Multiengine Airplane Considerations, for additional information concerning required
airplane capabilities as they relate to this Task. If the practical test is conducted in a multiengine airplane that requires the
pilot to hold a type rating, the applicant may perform a simulated powerplant failure. In this case, a restart procedure must
be considered for a given scenario and a simulated restart should be performed, if applicable to the airplane design and the
given scenario.
When conducted in an FSTD, feathering or shutdown may be performed in conjunction with any Task and at locations and
altitudes at the discretion of the evaluator.
Task E. Approach and Landing with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
For tests conducted in a propeller-driven airplane (other than those that require a type rating), the evaluator will set zero
thrust after the applicant has simulated feathering the propeller following a simulated powerplant failure. The applicant must
then demonstrate at least one landing with a simulated feathered propeller with the powerplant set to zero thrust. For all
other airplanes, follow the manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
In airplanes with three powerplants, the applicant must follow a procedure (if approved by the manufacturer and the training
program) that approximates the loss of two powerplants, the center and one outboard powerplant. In other multiengine
airplanes, the applicant must follow a procedure, which simulates the loss of 50 percent of available powerplants, the loss
being simulated on one side of the airplane.
Task F. Precision Approach (Manually Flown) with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
At least one precision approach must be flown without the use of an autopilot. The applicant should begin manually flying
77Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11A)
prior to the final approach segment. Manually flown precision approaches may use raw data displays or may be flight
director assisted, at the discretion of the evaluator. The simulated powerplant failure should occur before initiating the final
approach segment and continue to a landing or a missed approach procedure, at the evaluator’s discretion.
Task G. Landing from a No Flap or a Nonstandard Flap Approach
This Task is required unless an airplane FSBR has indicated otherwise. The evaluator must determine whether checking on
slats only and partial-flap approaches are necessary for the practical test. However, probability of asymmetrical flap failures
should be considered in this making this determination.
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